Fig. 6. Future perspectives.

a Schematic of three types of PeLEDs with different architectures and perovskite emitters. ME metal electrode, TCE transparent conductive electrode. b In situ formed core/shell perovskite NCs by the introduced benzylphosphonic acid. c Monodispersed perovskite QD films achieved by the synthesis-on-substrate method, and the related quantum-confinement and strong-coupling effects. d The lattice structure of compact-type quasi-2D perovskites. e Proposed ideal perovskite blue NPLs in the dedicated device, and the controlled growth of perovskite NPLs from liquid intermediates on the pre-modified substrate in mild conditions. Note that the ligands are expected to locate at the interfaces between two charge-injection layers in the device. a is reprinted from ref. ⁹⁷ with permission from Springer Nature. b is reprinted from ref. ⁷ with permission from Springer Nature. c is reprinted from ref. ¹²² with permission from Springer Nature. d is reprinted from ref. ¹²³ with permission from the American Chemical Society