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. 2023 Jul 19;15:729–738. doi: 10.2147/CMAR.S411547

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© 2023 Zhou et al.

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PB monocytes from patients with MM exert pro-tumor effects. The PB monocytes from patients with MM (M-MØ) or healthy control (H-MØ) samples were co-cultured with myeloma cells (RPMI-8226) for 12 h. (A) Flow cytometry analysis showing the residual CD138⁺ cells in the healthy control (top) and MM (bottom) groups. (B and C) Levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in monocytes from patients with MM and healthy controls (B) before co-culture with RPMI-8226 cells and (C) after co-culture in the supernatant. (D) Phagocytic index in myeloma cells in the monocytes from patients with MM (bottom) and healthy controls (top) after co-culture with RPMI-8226 cells. ① Monocytes; ② myeloma cells; ③ monocyte phagocytosis of myeloma cells. (E and F) Levels of IL-2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 in monocytes from the (E) healthy controls group and (F) patients with MM group before and after the co-culture of the samples with RPMI-8226 cells; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.

Abbreviations: PB, peripheral blood; MM, multiple myeloma; RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute; IL, interleukin; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha; IFN-γ, interferon gamma.