Table 1.
Trials that met eligibility criteria, with trial characteristics and exclusion criterion used
| Study | VSPI | ICI | Trial Population (n) | Tumor Site | Excluded With any Form of Kidney Disease | Exclusion Criterion Definition | Creatinine Clearance Cut-off (mL/min) | Were Patients with Proteinuria Excluded? | Was Baseline Kidney Function Available? | Were Patients on Immunosuppression Excluded? | Were Patients With Solid Organ Transplants Excluded |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase III randomized controlled trials | |||||||||||
| Motzer 2019 | Axitinib | Avelumab | 886 | Renal cell | Yes | Creatinine clearance | 50 | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Choueiri 2021 | Cabozantinib | Nivolumab | 651 | Renal cell | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 40 | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Colombo 2021 | Bevacizumab | Pembrolizumab | 617 | Gynae | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 60 | Unspecified | No | Yes | No |
| Andre 2020 | Bevacizumab | Pembrolizumab | 307 | Colorectal | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 60 | Unspecified | No | Yes | No |
| Makker 2022 | Lenvatinib | Pembrolizumab | 827 | Gynae | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 30 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Moore 2021 | Bevacizumab | Atezolizumab | 1301 | Gynae | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal | NA | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Motzer 2021 | Lenvatinib | Pembrolizumab | 1069 | Renal cell | Yes | Creatinine clearance | 30 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Rini 2019 - keynote | Axitinib | Pembrolizumab | 861 | Renal cell | Yes | Serum Creatinine or Creatinine clearance | 40 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Finn 2020 | Bevacizumab | Atezolizumab | 501 | Liver | Yes | Serum Creatinine or Creatinine clearance | 50 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Sugawara 2021 | Bevacizumab | Nivolumab | 550 | Lung | Yes | Serum Creatinine or Creatinine clearance | 50 | Unspecified | No | Yes | Unspecified |
| Socinski 2018 | Bevacizumab | Atezolizumab | 1202 | Lung | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal | NA | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Rini 2019 - Immotion | Bevacizumab | Atezolizumab | 915 | Renal cell | Yes | Measured or Creatinine clearance | 30 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Phase II randomized controlled trials | |||||||||||
| Lheureux 2022 | Cabozantinib | Nivolumab | 82 | Gynae | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 50 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Mettu 2022 | Bevacizumab | Atezolizumab | 133 | Colorectal | Yes | Creatinine clearance | 50 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Nayak 2021 | Bevacizumab | Pembrolizumab | 80 | GBM | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal | NA | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| McDermott 2018 | Bevacizumab | Atezolizumab | 305 | Renal cell | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 40 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Redman 2022 | Bevacizumab | Avelumab | 26 | Colorectal | Yes | Creatinine clearance | 30 | Unspecified | No | Yes | Yes |
| Phase II non-randomized multi-arm trials | |||||||||||
| Nayak 2022 | Bevacizumab | Durvalumab | 159 | GBM | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 50 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Awada 2020 | Axitinib | Avelumab | 54 | GBM | Yes | Creatinine clearance | 30 | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Phase II non-randomized single-arm trials | |||||||||||
| Cousin 2021 | Regorafenib | Avelumab | 46 | Colorectal | Yes | Creatinine clearance | 30 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Cousin 2022 | Regorafenib | Avelumab | 34 | Other | Yes | Creatinine clearance | 30 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Kawazoe 2020 | Lenvatinib | Pembrolizumab | 29 | Gastric | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal | NA | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Lam 2021 | Bevacizumab | Atezolizumab | 40 | Lung | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 50 | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Lee C 2022 | Cabozantinib | Nivolumab | 47 | Renal cell | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 30 | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Lee J 2022 |
Bevacizumab | Atezolizumab | 42 | Lung | Yes | Creatinine clearance | 30 | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Liu 2019 | Bevacizumab | Nivolumab | 38 | Gynae | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 60 | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Makker 2019 | Lenvatinib | Pembrolizumab | 54 | Gynae | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 40 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| McGregor 2019 | Bevacizumab | Atezolizumab | 60 | Renal cell | Yes | Creatinine clearance | 30 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
| Seto 2022 | Bevacizumab | Atezolizumab | 39 | Lung | Yes | Serum Creatinine | NA | Yes | No | Yes | Unspecified |
| Wilky 2019 | Axitinib | Pembrolizumab | 33 | Other | Yes | Serum Creatinine in relation to upper limit of normal or Creatinine clearance | 60 | Unspecified | No | Yes | Unspecified |
| Zhang 2021 | Lenvatinib | Pembrolizumab | 38 | Other | Unspecified | Unspecified | NA | Unspecified | No | Unspecified | Unspecified |
| Zsiros 2021 | Bevacizumab | Pembrolizumab | 40 | Gynae | Yes | Creatinine clearance | 60 | Yes | No | Yes | Yes |
Abbreviations: n, number; VSPI, VEGF-signaling pathway inhibitor; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; GBM, Glioblastoma; Gyne, Gynecological cancers; NA, not applicable.