Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation, by Rivaroxaban and Warfarin Use, Before and After Propensity Score Matching
| Unmatched Cohort |
Standardized Differencea | Matched Cohort |
Standardized Differencea | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rivaroxaban | Warfarin | Rivaroxaban | Warfarin | |||
| Number of patients | 63,108 | 52,161 | 27,784 | 27,784 | ||
| Age (y); mean (SD)a | 74.1 (9.4) | 75.5 (10.2) | 0.180 | 74.2 (9.8) | 74.5 (10.3) | 0.030 |
| Female | 29,578 (46.9%) | 24,094 (46.2%) | 0.041 | 12,711 (45.7%) | 12,773 (46.0%) | 0.015 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2); mean (SD)a | 70.8 (17.5) | 62.7 (22.2) | 0.399 | 68.5 (19.1) | 68.0 (19.5) | 0.031 |
| ≥60 | 45,809 (72.6%) | 29,668 (56.9%) | 18,475 (66.5%) | 18,475 (66.5%) | ||
| 45-59 | 12,060 (19.1%) | 10,111 (19.4%) | 5,498 (19.8%) | 5,498 (19.8%) | ||
| 30-44 | 4,554 (7.2%) | 7,344 (14.1%) | 3,137 (11.3%) | 3,137 (11.3%) | ||
| <30 | 685 (1.1%) | 5,038 (9.7%) | 674 (2.4%) | 674 (2.4%) | ||
| Diabetes | 19,489 (30.9%) | 17,797 (34.1%) | 0.157 | 8,980 (32.3%) | 8,971 (32.3%) | 0.015 |
| Hypertension | 46,673 (74.0%) | 40,029 (76.7%) | 0.135 | 20,513 (73.8%) | 20,751 (74.7%) | 0.020 |
| Myocardial infarction | 4,543 (7.2%) | 7,538 (14.5%) | 0.196 | 2,885 (10.4%) | 3,052 (11.0%) | 0.021 |
| Congestive heart failure | 13,005 (20.6%) | 18,960 (36.3%) | 0.353 | 7,928 (28.5%) | 7,986 (28.7%) | 0.021 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 8,882 (14.1%) | 11,004 (21.1%) | 0.194 | 5,025 (18.1%) | 5,056 (18.2%) | 0.018 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1,433 (2.3%) | 3,114 (6.0%) | 0.130 | 1,069 (3.8%) | 1,178 (4.2%) | 0.021 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 5,774 (9.1%) | 8,759 (16.8%) | 0.110 | 3,683 (13.3%) | 3,816 (13.7%) | 0.010 |
| Liver disease | 2,675 (4.2%) | 2,182 (4.2%) | 0.014 | 1,208 (4.3%) | 1,185 (4.3%) | 0.010 |
| Cancer | 18,848 (30.0%) | 15,077 (28.9%) | 0.018 | 7,881 (28.4%) | 7,899 (28.4%) | 0.005 |
| Prior major bleeding requiring hospital admissionb | 729 (1.2%) | 949 (1.8%) | 0.056 | 378 (1.4%) | 378 (1.4%) | 0.010 |
| Prescription drug use | ||||||
| Antiplatelet agents | 4,079 (6.5%) | 4,866 (9.3%) | 0.108 | 2,116 (7.6%) | 2,119 (7.6%) | 0.018 |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs | 11,627 (18.4%) | 8,296 (15.9%) | 0.018 | 4,514 (16.2%) | 4,506 (16.2%) | 0.006 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 15,809 (25.1%) | 15,009 (28.8%) | 0.050 | 7,163 (25.8%) | 7,283 (26.2%) | 0.011 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score | ||||||
| 0-1 | 5,068 (8.0%) | 2,979 (5.7%) | 0.131 | 2,261 (8.1%) | 1,799 (6.5%) | 0.039 |
| ≥2 | 58,040 (92.0%) | 49,182 (94.3%) | 0.122 | 25,523 (91.9%) | 25,985 (93.5%) | 0.024 |
| Modified HAS-BLED score | ||||||
| 0-2 | 18,778 (29.8%) | 18,993 (36.4%) | 0.112 | 19,094 (68.7%) | 19,106 (68.8%) | 0.023 |
| ≥3 | 44,330 (70.2%) | 33,168 (63.6%) | 0.127 | 8,690 (31.3%) | 8,678 (31.2%) | 0.015 |
Note: Data are presented as the number of patients and the corresponding percentage of the cohort unless otherwise indicated. Cells of tables with patient counts <5 were suppressed by participating centers due to privacy restrictions. The sum of count data may thus differ slightly from the presented total. CHA2DS2-VASc and modified HAS-BLED scores estimate the risk of stroke and bleeding, respectively, in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; SD, standard deviation.
sample size weighted mean or standardized difference.
bleeding defined as first hospitalization for intracranial, gastrointestinal, or other bleeding.