. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.

Published in final edited form as: Alzheimers Dement. 2023 Jan 24;19(7):3028–3040. doi: 10.1002/alz.12942

Table 2.

Group distribution and correlation of proposed HS staging system with other neuropathologies.

	Group comparison					Correlation with HS stages (0-IV)

Neuropathologies	No HS	Early HS	Advanced HS	P value	P value (FDR)	Head	Body
Aβ stage (c) ^a	4 (4, 5)	5 (4, 5)	5 (4, 5)	6·10 ⁻⁴	0.002	0.219 ^*	0.264 ^*
Braak tau stage (c) ^a	5 (3, 5)	5 (5, 6)	6 (5, 6)	2·10 ⁻⁵	10 ⁻⁴	0.333 ^*	0.361 ^*
NIA-C (c) ^a	3 (1, 3)	3 (3, 3)	3 (2, 3)	.039	.084	0.074	0.153
High AD probability (%) ^b	54.3	83.3	86	2·10 ⁻⁴	8·10 ⁻⁴	-	-

Braak α-syn stage (c) ^a	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 4)	3 (0, 4.5)	.035	.084	0.193 ^*	0.153
LPC α-syn stage (c) ^a	0 (0, 2)	1 (0, 2)	1.5 (0, 2.8)	.348	.454	0.127	0.114

Deramecourt score (c) ^a	8 (6, 10)	7 (5, 9)	8 (5, 11)	.511	.621	−0.01	−0.062
VCING score (c) ^a	1 (1, 2)	1 (1, 2)	1 (1, 2)	.236	.334	−0.071	−0.088
Occipital arteriolosclerosis (c) ^a	2 (1, 2.5)	2 (1, 2.8)	2 (2, 3)	.05	.094	0.194 ^*	0.188 ^*
Occipital CAA (c) ^a	2 (1, 2.5)	2 (1, 2)	2 (1, 3)	.568	.644	−0.043	0.026
CAA in hipp. (c) ^a†	1 (0, 2)	1 (0, 2)	1 (0, 2)	.769	.769	0.025	0.008
Vasc. calcif. in hipp. (%) ^b†	19.6	7.1	5.6	.038	.084	-	-
Microinfarcts in hipp. (%) ^b†	10.9	4.9	2.8	.179	.277	-	-

TDP-43 stage (c) ^a	0 (0, 1)	2 (1, 3)	4 (3, 4)	2·10 ⁻¹⁶	4·10 ⁻¹⁵	0.657 ^*	0.669 ^*
LATE stage (c) ^a	0 (0, 1)	2 (1, 2)	2 (2, 2)	7·10 ⁻¹⁵	6·10 ⁻¹⁴	0.622 ^*	0.615 ^*

AGD stage (c) ^a	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	0 (0, 0)	.761	.769	0.012	0.005
ARTAG (%) ^b	43.5	50	62	.128	.218	-	-

NOTE. Variables evaluated followed main consensus criteria for 5 main dementia-associated neuropathologies, organized in the table in separate blocks: (1) Alzheimer’s disease, (2) Lewy body pathology, (3) vascular pathology, (4) TDP-43 pathology, and (5) other pathologies. Group values represent median (c=0.25, 0.75 percentiles) for ordinal variables and percentages for categoric variables. Group tests:

Kruskal-Wallis test,

Pearson’s Chi-square test. P values are FDR-corrected for multiple comparisons among all neuropathologies.

Denotes statistical significance of correlation (P<.05, FDR corrected).

^†

Denotes measures selectively assessed in the hippocampus.

Abbreviations: α-syn: α-synuclein; Aβ: amyloid-β; AD: Alzheimer’s Disease; AGD: argyrophilic grain disease; ARTAG: aging-related tau astrogliopathy; calcif.: calcifications; CAA: cerebral amyloid angiopathy; FDR: False Discovery Rate; hipp: hippocampus; HS: hippocampal sclerosis; LATE: limbic age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy; NIA: National Institute of Aging ABC scores for Alzheimer’s neuropathologic change; LPC: Lewy pathology consensus criteria; vasc.: vascular; VCING: Vascular cognitive impairment neuropathology guidelines.