Figure 4.

Multilevel regulation of m⁶A. In the nucleus, transcription factors bind to the promoter of m⁶A molecules and activate their transcription. Histone modifications such as methylation or acetylation also affect the transcription level of m⁶A molecules. After transcription, ncRNAs, particularly miRNAs, regulate their expression by binding to mRNAs of m⁶A molecules in the cytoplasm. After translation, the polypeptide chain of m⁶A molecules is regulated by posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and acetylation, and then folds into the correct functional structure. When it plays a regulatory role, the interaction between m⁶A molecules and target mRNA is regulated by ncRNAs and other molecules, which ultimately affects the m⁶A modification level on target mRNA, mediatesits splicing, nuclear output, stability, translation and other metabolic processes and affects tumor progression.