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. 2022 Oct 1;10(5):2049–2063. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.09.009

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© 2022 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 5 — The T3SS pathway regulatory network of P. aeruginosa. The T3SS in P. aeruginosa is regulated by two main regulatory signalling systems, Gac/Rsm-ExsA-T3SS and cAMP/Vfr-ExsA-T3SS. ExsA is the master regulator of the T3SS. The expression of ExsA is inhibited by PtrA, ExsD, MvaT/U and HigA at the transcriptional level and by Hfq, CspC and RplI at the post-transcriptional level. ExsA acts as a co-target that can be directly activated by five regulators, VqsM, Fis, Vfr, RocA1 and PsrA. The downstream T3SS effectors (such as exoS, exoT and exoY) are also directly regulated by ExsA, PA2572/PA2573, CbrAB and RocS1/A1. The T3SS is directly mediated by 21 direct regulators and six co-target genes (rsmY/Z, exsA, higB-A, exoS, exoT and exoY).