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. 2022 Apr 22;10(5):1857–1869. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.003

Figure 3.

Fig. 3

Principles and methods of liquid biopsy. HCC can release circulating tumor cells, circulating tumor DNA, and circulating tumor RNA into the blood. Circulating tumor cells exist in the patient's blood as single cells, and their presence can be detected by drawing a small amount of blood and using magnetic-activated cell sorting technology. Circulating tumor DNA is released into the blood mainly by tumor cell lysis. Circulating tumor RNA is secreted by exosomes. All of them are excellent biomarkers for detecting HCC.