Skip to main content
. 2023 Jul 10;36:11308. doi: 10.3389/ti.2023.11308

TABLE 1.

Socio-demographic characteristics and clinical outcomes for total group and patients showing intentional non-adherence.

Variables Values/scoring Total sample Intentional non-adherence
N; mean ± SD | N (%) N; mean ± SD | N (%) OR a (95% CI)
N = 1,397 N = 46
Socio-demographic characteristics
 Age Years 1,363; 53.7 ± 13.2 45; 49.8 ± 14.3 0.98* (0.96–0.99)
Missing 34 (2.4%) 1 (2.2%)
 Gender Female 379 (27.1%) 13 (28.3) 1.05 (0.55–2.02)
Missing 7 (0.5%) 0
 Ethnicity Caucasian 1,186 (84.9%) 35 (76.1%) Reference
Afro-American 80 (5.7%) 3 (6.5%) 1.27 (0.38–4.23)
Asian 27 (1.9%) 3 (6.5%) 4.10* (1.17–14.19)
Hispanic 29 (2.1%) 0 n.a.
North-African 28 (2.0%) 1 (2.2%) 1.25 (0.17–9.51)
Other 31 (2.2%) 4 (8.7%) 5.02** (1.66–15.16)
Missing 16 (1.1%) 0
 Marital status Married/living with partner 955 (68.4%) 26 (56.5%) Reference
Single 242 (17.3%) 11 (23.9%) 1.71 (0.83–3.52)
Separated/divorced 149 (10.7%) 6 (13.0%) 1.52 (0.62–3.77)
Widowed 41 (2.9%) 3 (6.5%) 2.81 (0.81–9.68)
Missing 10 (0.7%) 0
 Living alone Yes 265 (19.0%) 7 (15.2%) 1.32 (0.58–2.99)
Missing 15 (1.1%) 0
 Education < Secondary 370 (26.5%) 8 (17.4%) Reference
Completed secondary 328 (23.5%) 9 (19.6%) 1.27 (0.48–3.32)
Further education 382 (27.3%) 13 (28.3%) 1.58 (0.65–3.85)
University 308 (22.0%) 16 (34.8%) 2.46* (1.04–5.83)
Missing 9 (0.6%) 0
 Employment (Self-)employed (1) 366 (26.2%) 11 (23.9%) Reference
Looking for job 2) 40 (2.9%) 3 (6.5%) 2.58 (0.69–9.69)
(Temp.) unable (5) 404 (28.9%) 18 (39.1%) 1.50 (0.70–3.22)
Retired (4) 466 (33.4%) 12 (26.1%) 0.85 (0.37–1.94)
Other (3) 97 (6.9%) 1 (2.2%) 0.34 (0.04–2.63)
Missing 24 (1.7%) 1 (2.2%)
Clinical outcomes
 Time since Tx Years 1,378; 3.4 ± 1.4 45; 3.1 ± 1.4 0.84 (0.67–1.05)
Missing 19 (1.4%) 1 (2.2%)
 Treated rejections in follow-up N events per year 1,391; 0.9 ± 1.5 45; 1.2 ± 1.7 1.16 (0.99–1.37)
Missing 6 (0.4%) 1 (2.2%)
No event b 840 (60.1%) 23 (50.0%) Reference
≥1 event 551 (39.4%) 22 (47.8%) 1.48 (0.82–2.68)

OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

a

Logistic regression for bivariate analysis [31], bold when significant.

b

Dichotomisation, comparison of patients with no treated rejections and patients with one or more treated rejections for bivariate analysis [31].