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. 2023 Jul 10;14:1208480. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1208480

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Copyright © 2023 Li, Liu, Shi, Xie, Yang, Du, Zhang and Wu

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Lipid distribution pie charts (A) and relative quantity of each lipid subclass (B) in healthy subjects, COPD of different TCM patterns. Relative quantities (peak area ratio vs corresponding subclass IS at the same concentration) of all identified lipid species were summed per lipid class for each individual sample. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs healthy subjects. CE, cholesterol ester; Cer, ceramide; DG, diacylglycerol; FA, fatty acid; Health, healthy subjects; HexCer, hexaglycosylceramide; LPC, lyso-phosphatidylcholine; LPC-O, lysophosphatidylcholine with alkyl substituents; LPE, lyso-phosphatidylethanolamine; PC, phosphatidylcholine; PC-O, alkyl- and alkenyl-substituted phosphatidylcholine; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PE-O, alkyl- and alkenyl-substituted phosphatidylethanolamine; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PS, phosphatidylserine; SM, sphingomyelin; TG, triacylglycerol.