Figure 1.
The molecules regulating lactate production. Tumor cells overexpress HIF-1 and HIF-1 up-regulates enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. Tumor cells overexpress GLUT-1/3 to uptake glucose. Ras-PI3K-Akt and Ras-c-Myc signaling pathways regulate the expression of proteins involved in glycolysis and glutaminolysis.