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. 2022 Oct 19;10(5):2029–2037. doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.006

Figure 1.

Fig. 1

The molecules regulating lactate production. Tumor cells overexpress HIF-1 and HIF-1 up-regulates enzymes of the glycolytic pathway. Tumor cells overexpress GLUT-1/3 to uptake glucose. Ras-PI3K-Akt and Ras-c-Myc signaling pathways regulate the expression of proteins involved in glycolysis and glutaminolysis.