Table 2.
The potential clinical applications of translatable circRNAs and their encoded proteins in various cancers.
| Translatable circRNAs or their encoded proteins | Cancer types | Sample size/type | Clinical applications |
Ref. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnostic biomarker | Prognostic biomarker | Predictive biomarker | Therapeutic target | ||||
| circ-Gprc5a | BCa | 59/tissue | – | Predict survival time | Predict clinical severity and metastasis | Intratumoral injection of circGprc5a antisense oligos impaired tumor growth | 72 |
| circPPP1R12A | CRC | 100/tissue | – | Independent prognostic factor for OS | Predict advanced clinical stage | – | 55 |
| circFNDC3B | CRC | 87/tissue | – | Independent prognostic factor for OS | Predict lymphatic metastasis | – | 64 |
| circMAPK14 | CRC | 72/tissue | – | Predict OS | Predict advanced clinical stage and lymphatic metastasis | – | 66 |
| hsa_circ_0006401 | CRC | 12/tissue | Differentiate CRC patients from healthy individuals | – | Predict lymphatic metastasis | – | 56 |
| circPLCE1/circPLCE1-411 | CRC | 262/tissue; 50/tissue | – | Predict OS | Predict advanced clinical stage | Intratumoral injection of circPLCE1 lentivirus inhibited tumor growths in two CRC PDX models | 65 |
| circDIDO1 | GC | 102/tissue | – | Predict OS | Predict distant metastasis | – | 69 |
| circMAPK1 | GC | 80/tissue | – | Predict OS | Predict advanced tumor stage and LNM | – | 68 |
| MAPK1-109aa | GC | 40/tissue | – | Predict OS | – | – | 68 |
| circCOL6A3_030 | GC | 41/tissue | Predict LNM in GC patients | – | Predict LNM | – | 78 |
| circAXIN1 | GC | 63/tissue | Predict LNM in GC patients | – | Predict advanced tumor stage and LNM | Cholesterol-conjugated siRNA specifically targeting circAXIN1 reduced tumor growth and lung metastasis | 57 |
| circ-FBXW7 | GBM | 60/tissue | – | Predict OS | – | – | 67 |
| circ-SMO/SMO-193a.a. | GBM | 86/tissue | – | Predict OS | – | SMO-193a.a. promoted tumor formation and reduced the overall survival of tumor-bearing mice | 58 |
| circ-EGFR | GBM | 97/tissue | – | Predict OS | – | Circ-EGFR knockdown enhanced the therapeutic effect of nimotuzumab | 22 |
| AKT3-174aa | GBM | 38/tissue | – | Predict OS | – | – | 71 |
| C-E-Cad | GBM | 107/tissue | – | Predict OS | – | Targeting C-E-Cad enhances anti-EGFR therapy for inhibiting GSC tumorigenicity | 59 |
| SHPRH-146aa | GBM | 60/tissue | – | Predict survival time | – | – | 36 |
| circARHGAP35 | HCC | 110/tissue | – | Predict OS, DFS, and recurrence | – | – | 49 |
| circMRPS35 | HCC | 35/tissue | Differentiate HCC patients from healthy individuals | – | Predict LNM and hepatitis B virus infection | – | 70 |
| circMAP3K4 | HCC | 112/tissue | – | Independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS | – | – | 26 |
| cGGNBP2 | ICC | 136/tissue | – | Independent risk factor for OS and RFS | Predict more advanced tumor stage and LNM | – | 60 |
| cGGNBP2-184aa | ICC | – | – | – | – | An auxiliary target for clinical IL-6/STAT3-targeting treatments | 60 |
| circASK1/ASK1-272a.a | LUAD | 48 + 56/tissue | – | Predict OS and PFS | Predict the responsiveness to gefitinib treatment | – | 50 |
| circBUB1B | MM | 48/blood and tissue | – | Predict inferior EFS | – | – | 61 |
| circHNRNPU | MM | 48/blood | – | Predict inferior EFS | – | – | 62 |
| p113 | NB | 42/tissue | – | Predict survival probability | Predict more aggressive clinical course | An inhibitory peptide (ZIP-12) targeted blocking p113-ZRF1 interaction was proved efficient in suppressing NB progression | 63 |
| circ-HER2/HER2-103 | TNBC | 59/tissue | – | Predict OS | Predict the responsiveness to pertuzumab treatment | – | 53 |
| circ-FBXW7 | TNBC | 473/tissue | – | Independent prognostic factor for OS and DFS | Predict LNM | – | 109 |
| circ-EIF6 | TNBC | 98/tissue | – | Independent prognostic factor for OS | Predict distant metastasis | – | 53 |
Abbreviations: BCa, bladder cancer; CRC, colorectal cancer/carcinoma; GC, gastric cancer; GBM, glioblastoma; GSC, glioma stem cells; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma; LUAD, lung adenocarcinoma; MM, multiple myeloma; NB, neuroblastoma; TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression-free survival; DFS, disease-free survival; RFS, relapse/recurrence-free survival; EFS, event-free survival; LNM, lymph node metastasis; PDX, patient-derived xenograft.