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. 2023 Jul 10;10:1171806. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1171806

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Copyright © 2023 Xie, Zhang, Guo, Xue, Zhao, Geng, Li, Yang, Gan, Li, Ren and Jiang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic diagram of metabolic pathways using KEGG in main tissues (serum, heart, liver, brain, kidney) of HGD and HFD compared to the controls (blue solid line: HGD group; red solid line: HFD group). (A) Alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. (B) Arginine biosynthesis. (C) Glutathione metabolism. (D) Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism. (E) Phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. (F) D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism. (G) Phenylalanine metabolism. (H) Galactose metabolism. (I) Primary bile acid biosynthesis. (J) Arginine and proline metabolism. (K) Linoleic acid metabolism. Metabolites marked in red represent the significant biomarkers found in main tissues.