Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample by the percentage of depressive symptoms.
| Depressive symptoms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable, N (%) | Total (N = 7,955) | Yes (N = 3,379) | No (N = 4,576) | p-value |
| Demographic variables | ||||
| Age | 0.325 | |||
| 45–59 | 3,179 (39.96) | 1,318 (39.01) | 1861 (40.67) | |
| 60–69 | 2,671 (33.58) | 1,151 (34.06) | 1,520 (33.22) | |
| ≥70 | 2,105 (26.46) | 910 (26.93) | 1,195 (26.11) | |
| Gender | <0.001 | |||
| Male | 3,845 (48.33) | 1,278 (37.82) | 2,567 (56.10) | |
| Female | 4,110 (51.67) | 2,101 (62.18) | 2009 (43.90) | |
| Education level | <0.001 | |||
| Illiterate | 3,472 (43.65) | 1807 (53.48) | 1,665 (36.39) | |
| Elementary & Middle School | 3,524 (44.30) | 1,337 (39.57) | 2,187 (47.79) | |
| High School and above | 959 (12.05) | 235 (6.95) | 724 (15.82) | |
| Self-rated health | <0.001 | |||
| Good | 5,615 (70.58) | 1,838 (54.39) | 3,777 (82.54) | |
| Not good | 2,340 (29.42) | 1,541 (45.61) | 799 (17.46) | |
| Life satisfaction | <0.001 | |||
| Very | 2,630 (33.06) | 718 (21.25) | 1,912 (41.78) | |
| Fair | 4,273 (53.71) | 1,802 (53.33) | 2,471 (54.00) | |
| Poor | 1,052 (13.23) | 859 (25.42) | 193 (4.22) | |
| Smoking status | <0.001 | |||
| Current smoked | 2,183 (27.44) | 813 (24.06) | 1,370 (29.94) | |
| Ever smoked | 1,232 (15.49) | 423 (12.52) | 809 (17.68) | |
| Never smoked | 4,540 (57.07) | 2,143 (63.42) | 2,397 (52.38) | |
| Drinking status | <0.001 | |||
| Current drink | 2,654 (33.36) | 926 (27.41) | 1728 (37.76) | |
| Ever drink | 312 (3.92) | 137 (4.05) | 175 (3.83) | |
| Never drink | 4,989 (62.72) | 2,316 (68.54) | 2,673 (58.41) | |
| Chronic conditions | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1,449 (18.22) | 391 (11.57) | 1,058 (23.12) | |
| Yes | 6,506 (81.78) | 2,988 (88.43) | 3,518 (78.88) | |
| ADL disability | <0.001 | |||
| No | 7,290 (91.64) | 2,983 (88.28) | 4,307 (94.12) | |
| Yes | 665 (8.36) | 396 (11.72) | 269 (5.88) | |
| IADL disability | <0.001 | |||
| No | 6,749 (84.84) | 2,578 (76.29) | 4,171 (91.15) | |
| Yes | 1,206 (15.16) | 801 (23.71) | 405 (8.85) | |
| Social isolation status | <0.001 | |||
| Low isolation | 3,147 (39.56) | 1,096 (32.44) | 2051 (44.82) | |
| High isolation | 4,808 (60.44) | 2,283 (67.56) | 2,525 (55.18) | |
| Internet use | <0.001 | |||
| Yes | 1,001 (12.58) | 278 (8.23) | 723 (15.80) | |
| No | 6,954 (87.42) | 3,101 (91.77) | 3,853 (84.20) | |
| Types of internet usage functions | ||||
| Social needs | 677 (8.5) | 192 (5.68) | 485 (10.60) | <0.001 |
| Information reception | 781 (9.8) | 211 (6.24) | 570 (12.46) | <0.001 |
| Recreational activities | 710 (8.9) | 205 (6.07) | 505 (11.04) | <0.001 |
| Daily life | 207 (2.6) | 48 (1.42) | 159 (3.47) | <0.001 |
ADL, activities of daily living; IADL, instrumental activities of daily living.