Table 3.
Regression analysis of internet use and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults.
| Variable | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Internet use | −2.559*** (0.225) | −0.993*** (0.206) | −0.931*** (0.205) | −0.493** (0.210) |
| Age (ref: ≥70) | ||||
| 45–59 | 0.073 (0.165) | 0.216 (0.168) | 0.666*** (0.169) | |
| 60–69 | 0.088 (0.163) | 0.093 (0.163) | 0.374** (0.162) | |
| Gender (ref: male) | ||||
| Female | 1.731*** (0.132) | 1.856*** (0.195) | 1.834*** (0.193) | |
| Educational attainment (ref: high school and above) | ||||
| Illiterate | 2.483*** (0.224) | 2.458*** (0.223) | 2.075*** (0.224) | |
| Elementary and middle school | 1.134*** (0.210) | 1.135*** (0.209) | 0.984*** (0.208) | |
| Self-rated health (ref: good) | ||||
| Not good | 3.614*** (0.143) | 3.401*** (0.146) | 2.941*** (0.149) | |
| Life satisfaction (ref: fair) | ||||
| Very | −2.461*** (0.140) | −2.425*** (0.139) | −2.431*** (0.138) | |
| Poor | 5.672*** (0.197) | 5.627*** (0.196) | 5.391*** (0.195) | |
| Smoking status (ref: never smoked) | ||||
| Current smoked | 0.555*** (0.198) | 0.531*** (0.196) | ||
| Ever smoked | −0.127 (0.225) | −0.103 (0.223) | ||
| Drinking status (ref: never drink) | ||||
| Current drink | −0.221 (0.152) | −0.156 (0.150) | ||
| Ever drink | 0.067 (0.331) | −0.034 (0.327) | ||
| Chronic conditions (ref: no) | ||||
| Yes | 1.295*** (0.168) | 1.292*** (0.167) | ||
| ADL disability (ref: no) | ||||
| Yes | 0.666*** (0.236) | |||
| IADL disability (ref: no) | ||||
| Yes | 1.792*** (0.194) | |||
| Social isolation status (ref: low isolation) | ||||
| High isolation | 1.011*** (0.140) | |||
| F-value | 128.929*** | 403.636*** | 266.980*** | 235.183*** |
| R 2 | 0.016 | 0.314 | 0.320 | 0.335 |
**p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01. Values in brackets are standard errors.