Table 2.

Multinomial logistic regression of post-COVID-19 cognitive status.

	SPCCS			APCCD			PCCD
	Adj.OR	95% C.I.	p	Adj.OR	95% C.I.	p	Adj.OR	95% C.I.	p
Age	0.98	(0.96–1.01)	0.135	1.02	(0.99–1.05)	0.210	1.04	(1.01–1.07)	0.009
Female sex	1.50	(0.87–2.60)	0.145	1.31	(0.57–3.04)	0.522	2.19	(1.02–4.74)	0.045
Body mass index	1.03	(0.97–1.10)	0.261	1.02	(0.92–1.12)	0.741	1.03	(0.95–1.12)	0.434
Active smoker	0.49	(0.17–1.46)	0.200	1.78	(0.43–7.30)	0.421	1.94	(0.60–6.32)	0.270
History of attention and memory problems	1.27	(0.58–2.80)	0.551	1.62	(0.55–4.79)	0.380	0.66	(0.22–1.97)	0.458
History of any cardiovascular condition	2.26	(1.21–4.24)	0.011	1.22	(0.50–2.99)	0.667	2.83	(1.21–6.58)	0.016
Severity (7 categories)	0.97	(0.76–1.22)	0.779	1.08	(0.77–1.53)	0.650	0.91	(0.66–1.25)	0.546
Persistent fatigue	2.07	(1.20–3.57)	0.009	1.21	(0.54–2.73)	0.639	3.22	(1.42–7.28)	0.005
Anxiety (Ham–A)	1.83	(1.01–3.30)	0.047	1.50	(0.61–3.71)	0.377	1.26	(0.57–2.77)	0.561
Depressive symptoms (Ham–D)	1.46	(0.66–3.25)	0.349	0.50	(0.12–2.12)	0.344	2.30	(0.80–6.61)	0.121
Mental health stress (K10)	1.51	(1.06–2.14)	0.022	0.93	(0.47–1.86)	0.837	1.44	(0.90–2.33)	0.130

Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between clinically relevant factors and post-COVID-19 cognitive outcome. Intact cognition was set as a reference point.

Boldface means statistically significant association.

APCCD, asymptomatic post-COVID cognitive disturbances (no persistent symptoms but pathologic NPS tests); SPCCS, subjective persistent COVID-related cognitive sequelae (persistent symptoms but normal NPS tests); PCCD, persistent COVID-related cognitive disturbances (persistent symptoms and pathologic NPS test); Ham-A, Hamilton anxiety scale; Ham-D, Hamilton depression scale; K10, Kessler Psychological Distress scale; Severity, Seven-category Ordinal Scale.