Table 3.
The use of tofacitinib in treating autoimmune bullous disease.
| Age/ gender |
Types of AIBD | Complication | Previous therapies | Treatment | Efficacy of initial JAK inhibitors | Tapering of JAK inhibitors | Efficacy of maintenance treatment | AE | Relapse | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kahn et al., 2021 (51) | 76/M | DH | Celiac disease, HT | Dapsone, SAS | Tofacitinib 10mg/d | Significant improvement in pruritus, existing lesions and new lesions. | NA | Significant improved. | None | NA |
| James et al., 2021 (52) | 79/F | MMP | HT, hyperlipidemia | MTX, MMF, RTX, CP, IVIG | Tofacitinib 11 mg/d, IVIG |
Significant improvement in ocular inflammation. | NA | Free of further conjunctival inflammation. | None | NA |
| James et al., 2021 (52) | 70/M | MMP | T2DM, myocardial infarction with subsequent stenting | Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment, 0.05% cyclosporine ophthalmic emulsion, MTX, MMF, CP, RTX | Tofacitinib 11 mg/d, MMF 2g/d |
Ocular inflammation, nasal and oral ulcers resolved. | Stopped tofacitinib for over a month due to cost. | Rash recurred after tofacitinib withdrawal and improved after another oral dose. | None | Relapse due to withdrawal of medication |
| Fan et al., 2023 (53) | 58/M | EBA | Pneumocystosis pneumonia, osteoporosis | PSL, MTX, dapsone, TCS | Tofacitinib 10 mg/d, PSL 8 mg/d |
The disease was improved within one month. | Tofacitinib was tapered to 5 mg/d. | Blisters and erosions were almost disappeared. | None | None |
| Youssef et al., 2022 (54) | 65/F | BP | Post-arthroplasty of the right patellar tendon rupture, hypothyroidism, hypercholesterolemia, HT, obesity, osteoarthritis, seronegative spondyloarthropathy | Prednisone, doxycycline, niacinamide. | Tofacitinib 20mg/d | BP dramatically improved. | Tofacitinib was cut to 10 mg/d due to sinus pain. | After tapering, she presented with recurrent pruritus and put tofacitinib back on 20 mg/d. | Sinus pain | Recurrent pruritus occurred due to the halving of dose. |
| Youssef et al., 2022 (54) | 76/M | BP | Degenerative disc disease, steroid-induced atrial fibrillation | Prednisone, mycophenolate, dupilumab, RTX | Tofacitinib 20mg/d, dupilumab |
Skin and pruritus were complete clearance. | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Vander et al., 2022 (55) | 34/F | PV | UC, controlled prolactinoma | Prednisone, topical clobetasol | Tofacitinib 10mg/d, RTX |
Both paronychia and the quality of life have improved. | NA | NA | NA | NA |
AIBD, autoimmune bullous disease; AE, adverse effect; DH, dermatitis herpetiformis; MMP, mucous membrane pemphigoid; EBA, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita; BP, bullous pemphigoid; PV, pemphigus vulgaris; M, male; F, female; TCS, topical corticosteroids; SCS, systemic corticosteroids; SAS, sulfasalazine; MTX, methotrexate; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; RTX, rituximab; CP, cyclophosphamide; IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin; PSL, prednisolone; HT, hypertension; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; UC, ulcerative colitis; NA, not available; mg/d, mg/day; mg/w, mg/week.