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. 2023 Jul 10;14:1163269. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1163269

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Copyright © 2023 Liu, Ma, Zhu, Liu, Qin, Lv, Feng, Wang and Yang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The impact of delivery mode on infant gut microbiota is gradually diminished and influenced by exclusive breastfeeding. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) plots of infant samples stratified according to the delivery mode, based on Bray–Curtis distance, are shown along the first two principal coordinate (PC) axes with Adonis p-value and effect sizes (R²). (A) Infants aged 6 weeks. (B) Infants aged 6 months. (C) Infants who were exclusively breastfed during 6 months. (D) Infants who were mixed fed during 6 months. VD, vaginally delivered; CSD, cesarean section delivered.