Table 1.
Infants' clinical parameters stratified by delivery mode at 6W and 6M.
| Characteristics | 6W | 6M | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ±SD, median (IQR) or n (%) | Mean ±SD, median (IQR) or n (%) | |||||
| VD (N = 93) | CSD (N = 46) | P-value | VD (N = 71) | CSD (N = 30) | P-value | |
| Maternal age (years) | 31.67 ± 3.77 | 32.72 ± 3.87 | 0.10 | 31.41 ± 3.85 | 32.90 ± 4.29 | 0.08 |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 39.22 ± 1.26 | 38.41 ± 1.24 | < 0.001 | 39.14 ± 1.25 | 38.7 ± 1.09 | 0.03 |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI | 22.19 ± 3.27 | 23.19 ± 3.12 | 0.08 | 22.08 ± 3.11 | 23.37 ± 3.25 | 0.06 |
| Gravity | 2 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.09 | 1 (1, 2) | 2 (1, 3) | 0.11 |
| Parity | 1 (1, 2) | 1 (1, 2) | 0.19 | 1 (1, 1) | 1 (1, 2) | 0.29 |
| Sampling time (days) | 48 (44, 55) | 49 (43.75, 58.75) | 0.48 | 208 (199, 219) | 202 (187, 217) | 0.15 |
| Birth weight (g) | 3,302 ± 382.2 | 3,296 ± 469.5 | 0.94 | 3,280 ± 366.3 | 3,377 ± 468.9 | 0.27 |
| Gender | 0.15 | 0.19 | ||||
| Male | 54 (58.06) | 20 (43.48) | 42 (59.15) | 13 (43.33) | ||
| Female | 39 (41.94) | 26 (56.52) | 29 (40.85) | 17 (56.67) | ||
| Feeding patterns | 0.06 | 0.1 | ||||
| EBF | 68 (73.12) | 26 (56.52) | 27 (38.03) | 6 (20) | ||
| MF | 25 (26.88) | 20 (43.48) | 44 (61.97) | 24 (80) | ||
| RIs | - | - | 9 (12.68) | 10 (33.33) | 0.02 | |
Clinical characteristics stratified by delivery mode. Continuous variables are shown as mean ± SD (normally distributed) or median with IQR (non-normally distributed); categorical variables are shown in absolute numbers with percentages (%). The P-value of variables is determined by Student's t-test, the Mann–Whitney U-test, or Fisher's exact test, and the significance is in bold and italicized.
6W, 6 weeks postpartum; 6M, 6 months postpartum; VD, vaginally delivered; CSD, cesarean section delivered; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; EBF, exclusive breastfeeding; MF, mixed feeding; RIs, respiratory infections.