Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author (Year) | Country | Participants | Type of cancer | Timeframe of diagnosis or therapy | Treatment | Duration | Outcome | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Control | Primary outcome | Secondary outcome | ||||||
| Ozkaraman et al. (2018) | Turkey | Number: 11 Age: 53.36 ± 2.35 Gender: F = 11 |
Number: 12 Age: 49.25 ± 3.33 Gender: F = 12 |
Breast cancer | Undergoing radiotherapy | I: 2000–3000 lux bright white light; C: Daily radiotherapy session. | 30 min/d before radiotherapy sessions in the afternoon, 1 week | PSQI | NA |
| Weiss et al. (2018) | United States | Number: 7 Age: 68.8 ± 7.2 Gender: F = 5/M = 2 |
Number: 5 Age: 66.0 ± 10.1 Gender: F = 1/M = 4 |
Lung cancer | Completed treatment at least 6 weeks and no longer than 3 years | I: 417.9 lux green-blue light (500 nm), light glasses; C: 152.3 lux red-yellow light. | 60 min/d in the morning for 60 min within 1 h upon awakening, 1 week | PSQI | NA |
| Wu L. M. et al. (2018) | United States | Number:25 Age: 53.0 ± 12.1 Gender: F = 20/M = 5 |
Number: 19 Age: 54.1 ± 9.4 Gender: F = 13/M = 6 |
Hematological malignancy, breast cancer, gynecological cancer | Time since primary treatment: 1.04 ± 0.72 years (intervention), 1.60 ± 0.82 years (control) | I: 1,350 lux full spectrum white light, Litebook; C: <50 lux dim red light | 30 min/d every morning, 4 weeks | PSQI | Actigraphy: total sleep time/min, sleep efficiency/% |
| Yennurajalingam et al. (2020) | United States | Number:8 Age: NA Gender: NA |
Number: 8 Age: NA Gender: NA |
Advanced cancer | Undergoing treatment | I: 1350 lux white light, the Litebook; C: 50 lux dim red light. | 30 min each morning within 2 h of arising before noon, 2 weeks | PSQI | NA |
| Garland et al. (2020) | Canada | Number: 42 Age: 56.57 ± 10.49 Gender: F = 38/M = 4 |
Number: 39 Age: 59.97 ± 9.26 Gender: F = 32/M = 7 |
Cancer | Completed treatment at least 3 months | I: 1250 lx white-blue light (∼465 nm), light-emitting diodes (LEDs); C: <400 lx red light (∼633 nm) | 30 min/d every morning, 4 weeks | PSQI | Actigraphy: total sleep time/min, sleep efficiency/% |
| Fox et al. (2020) | United States | Number: 9 Age: 53.89 ± 11.20 Gender: F = 9 |
Number: 9 Age: 60.33 ± 7.94 Gender: F = 9 |
Ovarian and endometrial cancer | Had no history of chemotherapy or had completed primary chemotherapy at least 30 days | I: 506 lx lm/m2 bright light, LEDs; C: Dim red light or green light. | 45 min/d or at least 30 min/d every morning, 4 weeks | PSQI | Wrist actigraphy: total sleep time/min, sleep efficiency/% |
| Starreveld et al. (2021) | The Netherlands | Number: 83 Age: 46.7 ± 11.9 Gender: F = 50/M = 33 |
Number: 83 Age: 44.8 ± 12.5 Gender: F = 49/M = 34 |
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) | The time since diagnosis of all survivors was 12.9 ± 9.9 years | I: 1500 lux bright white light (468 and 570 nm), Luminette glasses; C: 8 lux dim white light (468 and 570 nm). | 30 min/d after waking, 25 days | PSQI | Sleep wrist actigraphy: total bedtime (total sleep time)/min, sleep efficiency/% |
| Celik et al. (2022) | Turkey | Number: 26 Age: NA Gender: F = 13/M = 13 |
Number: 26 Age: NA Gender: F = 13/M = 13 |
Breast cancer, gynecological cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer and urological cancer | The total diagnosis time: <23 months (n = 26), >23 months (n = 26) | I: 10,000 lux bright white light, a specially designed lightbox; C: <50 lux dim red light. | 30 min every morning, 2 weeks | PSQI | Smart wristbands: total sleep time/min |
| Rissling et al. (2022) | United States | Number: 23 Age: 54.26 ± 9.31 Gender: F = 23 |
Number: 16 Age: 53.50 ± 8.96 Gender: F = 16 |
Breast cancer | Undergoing chemotherapy | I: 1500 lux white light, Litebook; C: <50 lux dim red light. | 30 min upon awakening every day, 8–12 weeks | PSQI | Actigraphy: nighttime total sleep time/min and sleep percentage (sleep efficiency)/% |
I, Intervention group; C, Control group; F, Female; M, Male; NA, Not available; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.