Table 3.
Elicitors and their amount and effect on tested variety with recommendations.
| Elicitor | Amount or Concentration | Tested variety/type | Effect | Recommendation | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BZA | 15mM | Dura X Pisifera (DXP) |
Internal and exterior oil palm seedlings treated with 15mM benzoic acid showed no signs of illness up until the 8 month after inoculation. | Field tests are required. | (Surendran et al., 2018) |
| BZA | – | – | G. boninense did not develop on the plates that were exposed to benzoic acid concentrations more than 5.00 mM. | Glasshouse and field tests are required. | (Fernanda et al., 2021) |
| Chitosan | 0.5% (w/v) | AVROS | Chitosan at the lowest concentration of 0.5% (w/v) significantly reduced the amount of fungal sterol and resulted in the lowest percentage mean disease severity. | Field tests are required. | (Ommelna et al., 2012) |
| SALA | 150 ppm | – | Suppression of mycelial growth on PDA until 8 day-after-inoculation | Field tests are required. | (Ong et al., 2018) |
| Calcium chloride/copper-EDTA/SALA | 500/50/50 ppm | – | The best disease control (5.0%) is noticed until 8 month-after-inoculation | Field tests are required. | (Rahamah Bivi et al., 2016) |
| CA/SA/4-HBA | 4g each | – | Concentration of G. boninense ergosterol is reduced to minimum (-18.6888 μg g-1) | The combination of these phenolics is encouraging to be produced as products | (Jee and Chong, 2015) |
| FA/HA/MBCA | – | – | Concentration of G. boninense ergosterol is reduced to minimum (-1.81 μg g-1) | Field tests are required. These combinations are encouraging to be produced as products | (Chong et al., 2017b) |
| Chitin/AA/MBCA | – | – | The Infection is reduced down to 10% with 2.29 μg g-1 of ergosterol content |
Very encouraging. However, more work on fastens the efficiency of treatment is required | (Chong et al., 2017b) |
AA indicated as amino acid.
BZA indicated as benzoic acid.
CA indicated as caffeic acid.
EDTA indicated as ethylenediaminetetraacetate.
FA indicated as fulvic acid.
MBCA indicated as multiple biological control agents.
SALA indicated as salicylic acid.
4-HBA indicated as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid.