Table 1.
Characteristics of mother-infant dyads from the Southern California Mother’s Milk study at 1-month of infant age.
| Maternal and infant characteristics | Mean ± SD or N, % |
|---|---|
| Maternal age (years) | 28.0 ± 5.6 |
| Socioeconomic status | 25.6 ± 12.2 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3 ± 5.4 |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 ± 4.7 |
| Normal weight (BMI < 25) | 17, 16% |
| Overweight (25 ≤ BMI < 30) | 43, 39% |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30) | 49, 45% |
| Infant sex (female, male, % female) | 60, 49, 55% |
| Mode of delivery (vaginal, caesarean, % vaginal) | 83, 26, 76% |
| Days postpartum | 32.5 ± 3.3 |
| Gestational age | |
| Early (38-40 weeks gestation) | 27, 25% |
| On time (40 weeks gestation) | 55, 50% |
| Late (40-42 weeks gestation) | 27, 25% |
| Gestational diabetes (Yes, No, %Yes) | 7, 102, 6.4% |
| Breast milk collection timing | Mean ± SD or N, % |
| Breast milk collection time (hours past midnight) | 11.3 ± 1.5 |
| Season of collection (cold, warm, % cold) | 59, 50, 54% |
| Infant feeding characteristics | Mean ± SD or N, % |
| Predominantly breastfed (yes, no, % yes) | 48, 61, 44% |
| Breastfeedings per day | 6.4 ± 2.4 |
Data are reported mean and standard deviation (SD) unless otherwise noted.