Table 2.
Overall and Cluster Outcomes on the 14 Clustering Items and Other Cluster Analysis Result. *
| Item | Overall mean (N = 617) | Cluster 1: Average (n = 189, 30.6%) | Cluster 2: Adapter (n = 235, 38.1%) | Cluster 3: Sufferer (n = 78, 12.7%) | Cluster 4: Saint (n = 115, 18.6%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I feel anxious (η2 = 0.652) | 3.57 | 4.08 | 3.35 | 4.92 | 2.23 |
| I cannot control my temper (η2 = 0.691) | 3.30 | 3.86 | 2.98 | 4.92 | 1.93 |
| I feel depressed (η2 = 0.729) | 3.37 | 4.04 | 3.02 | 4.91 | 1.92 |
| I feel homesick (η2 = 0.520) | 3.78 | 4.28 | 3.58 | 4.95 | 2.56 |
| I feel lonely (η2 = 0.680) | 3.48 | 4.06 | 3.20 | 4.96 | 2.07 |
| I feel that there is no hope for the future (η2 = 0.636) | 3.07 | 3.57 | 2.63 | 4.85 | 1.94 |
| I feel sad (η2 = 0.693) | 3.36 | 3.96 | 3.03 | 4.96 | 1.96 |
| I cannot sleep well (η2 = 0.746) | 3.41 | 4.05 | 3.10 | 4.96 | 1.96 |
| I feel physical pain (η2 = 0.717) | 2.98 | 3.44 | 2.54 | 4.97 | 1.78 |
| I feel agitated (η2 = 0.757) | 3.31 | 3.98 | 2.94 | 5.00 | 1.82 |
| I become suspicious (η2 = 0.723) | 3.73 | 3.73 | 2.64 | 4.99 | 1.81 |
| I become pessimistic (η2 = 0.719) | 3.06 | 3.70 | 2.53 | 4.92 | 1.83 |
| I start to have the thought of suicide (η2 = 0.290) | 2.24 | 2.44 | 1.95 | 3.54 | 1.61 |
| Overall, I notice that I start to have psychological health issues (η2 = 0.494) | 3.24 | 3.97 | 2.83 | 4.54 | 2.01 |
| I get used to sexual abstinence when I am working on the ship (η2 = 0.172) | 2.64 | 2.41 | 2.75 | 1.71 | 3.43 |
| Item | Overall (N = 617) | Cluster 1: Average People (n = 189, 30.6%) | Cluster 2: Adapter (n = 235, 38.1%) | Cluster 3: Sufferer (n = 78, 12.7%) | Cluster 4: Saint (n = 115, 18.6%) |
| Education ** (χ2 = 21.436, ρ < 0.002) | |||||
| High school or below/technical education | 18.5 | 19.6 | 20.9 | 17.9 | 12.2 |
| Diploma | 52.5 | 56.1 | 52.8 | 59 | 41.7 |
| Undergraduate or above | 29 | 24.3 | 26.4 | 23.1 | 46.1 |
| Working experience with female seafarers ** (χ2 = 11.555, ρ < 0.009) | |||||
| Yes | 4.5 | 3.7 | 3 | 2.6 | 10.4 |
| No | 95.5 | 96.3 | 97 | 97.4 | 89.6 |
| Single contract period ** (χ2 = 28.206, ρ < 0.001) | |||||
| 3 months or below | 6.3 | 6.9 | 5.1 | 9 | 6.1 |
| At least 6 months | 65.3 | 60.8 | 70.2 | 48.7 | 73.9 |
| At least 9 months | 23.3 | 26.5 | 22.1 | 37.2 | 11.3 |
| No requirement | 5.1 | 5.8 | 2.6 | 5.1 | 8.7 |
| Holiday duration ** (χ2 = 30.055, ρ < 0.003) | |||||
| Maximum 2 months or less | 7.1 | 6.9 | 4.3 | 20.5 | 4.3 |
| Maximum 3 months | 14.9 | 13.8 | 15.7 | 11.5 | 17.4 |
| Maximum 4 months | 16 | 15.9 | 16.6 | 17.9 | 13.9 |
| Maximum 5 months or above | 13.8 | 16.9 | 11.9 | 10.3 | 14.8 |
| No requirement | 48.1 | 46.6 | 51.5 | 39.7 | 49.6 |
| Item | Overall (N = 617) | Cluster 1: Average People (n = 189, 30.6%) | Cluster 2: Adapter (n = 235, 38.1%) | Cluster 3: Sufferer (n = 78, 12.7%) | Cluster 4: Saint (n = 115, 18.6%) |
| Shore leave frequency ** (χ2 = 40.854, ρ < 0.001) | |||||
| 3 or more opportunities per month | 5.8 | 5.8 | 3 | 5.1 | 12.2 |
| 1 or 2 opportunities per month | 18 | 13.2 | 23 | 10.3 | 20.9 |
| 1 or 2 opportunities every 3 months | 28 | 29.1 | 33.2 | 17.9 | 22.6 |
| 1 or 2 opportunities every 6 months | 16.7 | 18 | 15.3 | 15.4 | 18.3 |
| Hardly any opportunity | 31.4 | 33.9 | 25.5 | 51.3 | 26.1 |
| Sex-related education ** (χ2 = 14.289, ρ < 0.003) | |||||
| Yesw | 9.7 | 5.3 | 11.1 | 5.1 | 17.4 |
| No | 90.3 | 94.7 | 88.9 | 94.9 | 82.6 |
| Item | Overall (N = 617) | Cluster 1: Average People (n = 189, 30.6%) | Cluster 2: Adapter (n = 235, 38.1%) | Cluster 3: Sufferer (n = 78, 12.7%) | Cluster 4: Saint (n = 115, 18.6%) |
| Various entertainment facilities ** (χ2 = 32.244, ρ < 0.001) | |||||
| Yes | 53.3 | 46 | 53.6 | 38.5 | 74.8 |
| No | 46.7 | 54 | 46.4 | 61.5 | 25.2 |
| High-quality internet ** (χ2 = 25.188, ρ < 0.001) | |||||
| Yes | 24.5 | 19 | 23.4 | 15.4 | 41.7 |
| No | 75.5 | 81 | 76.6 | 84.6 | 58.3 |
| Item | Overall (N = 617) | Cluster 1: Average People (n = 189, 30.6%) | Cluster 2: Adapter (n = 235, 38.1%) | Cluster 3: Sufferer (n = 78, 12.7%) | Cluster 4: Saint (n = 115, 18.6%) |
| Psychological consultation ** (χ2 = 19.809, ρ < 0.001) | |||||
| Yes | 19.8 | 13.8 | 23 | 9 | 30.4 |
| No | 80.2 | 86.2 | 77 | 91 | 69.6 |
| High-quality meals ** (χ2 = 44.202, ρ < 0.001) | |||||
| Yes | 32.9 | 27 | 34 | 11.5 | 54.8 |
| No | 67.1 | 73 | 66 | 88.5 | 45.2 |
| Comfortable living environment ** (χ2 = 38.632, ρ < 0.001) | |||||
| Yes | 48.9 | 43.9 | 48.1 | 29.5 | 72.2 |
| No | 51.1 | 56.1 | 51.9 | 70.5 | 27.8 |
*
The significance level for all items is P < .001. Bolded and underlined means, respectively, are significantly higher and lower than all other clusters.
**
ANOVA test.