Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the occurrence of MACE.
| Variables | Total (n = 480) | Without MACE (n = 344) | With MACE (n = 136) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 64.34 ± 12.57 | 64.14 ± 12.64 | 64.86 ± 12.40 | 0.570 |
| Male, n (%) | 351 (73.1) | 249 (72.4) | 102 (75.0) | 0.560 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.03 ± 3.67 | 23.98 ± 3.78 | 24.17 ± 3.40 | 0.611 |
| LVEF (%) | 55.53 ± 6.18 | 56.08 ± 5.70 | 54.14 ± 7.08 | 0.005 |
| Risk factors, n (%) | ||||
| Current smoking | 161 (33.5) | 114 (33.1) | 47 (34.6) | 0.767 |
| DM | 85 (17.7) | 54 (15.7) | 31 (22.8) | 0.066 |
| Hypertension | 257 (53.5) | 175 (50.9) | 82 (60.3) | 0.062 |
| Dyslipidemia | 254 (52.9) | 187 (54.4) | 67 (49.3) | 0.314 |
| Prior PCI | 29 (6.0) | 22 (6.4) | 7 (5.1) | 0.605 |
| Prior MI | 22 (4.6) | 16 (4.7) | 6 (4.4) | 0.910 |
| Laboratory test | ||||
| WBC, 109/L | 8.40 ± 2.88 | 8.34 ± 2.73 | 8.55 ± 3.23 | 0.491 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 7.17 ± 3.06 | 7.09 ± 3.08 | 7.37 ± 3.02 | 0.371 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.56 ± 0.80 | 1.59 ± 0.84 | 1.50 ± 0.66 | 0.261 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.25 ± 1.14 | 4.33 ± 1.16 | 4.06 ± 1.06 | 0.017 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.66 ± 0.95 | 2.70 ± 0.98 | 2.58 ± 0.87 | 0.216 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.02 ± 0.27 | 1.06 ± 0.27 | 0.93 ± 0.24 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 95.50 (74.00,108.75) | 97.00 (83.00,109.00) | 86.00 (59.50,104.75) | <0.001 |
| UA (μmol/L) | 368.50 (302.75,446.50) | 350.50 (288.00,417.75) | 418.00 (351.00,511.00) | <0.001 |
| Initial diagnosis | 0.574 | |||
| STEMI | 218 (45.4) | 159 (46.2) | 59 (43.4) | |
| NSTEMI | 262 (54.6) | 185 (53.8) | 77 (56.6) | |
| Angiography findings, n (%) | ||||
| LM/multi-vessel | 333 (69.4) | 241 (70.1) | 92 (67.6) | 0.606 |
| Proximal LAD | 180 (37.5) | 131 (38.1) | 49 (36.0) | 0.676 |
| Cardiovascular medications, n (%) | ||||
| PCI/CABG | 365 (76.0) | 267 (77.6) | 98 (72.1) | 0.199 |
| Anti-platelet | 443 (92.3) | 317 (92.2) | 126 (92.6) | 0.854 |
| Stains | 464 (96.9) | 333 (96.8) | 131 (97.0) | 0.238 |
| Beta-blockers | 268 (55.9) | 196 (57.0) | 72 (53.3) | 0.470 |
| ACEI/ARB | 241 (50.3) | 166 (48.3) | 75 (55.6) | 0.151 |
| UA-lowering drugs | 96 (20.0) | 63 (18.3) | 33 (24.3) | 0.142 |
| Hypoglycemic drugs | 85 (17.7) | 54 (15.7) | 31 (22.8) | 0.066 |
Data were expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range), n (%). P values were calculated using the Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, Chi-square test, or Fisher’s test accordingly. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.
BMI, body mass index; LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; MI, myocardial infarction; FH-CAD, family history of coronary artery disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; WBC, white blood cell; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UA, uric acid; STEMI, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin receptor blockers; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; Poor CCC, poor coronary collateral circulation.