Table 3.
Unadjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and associated 95% CIs for B4SC measures and sex on NDDs.
| Predictive factors | N | NDD HR (95% CI) | ADHD HR (95% CI) | ASD HR (95% CI) | ID HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SDQ referral (Parent: ⩾ 17) | 283,431 | 6.68 (6.34–7.04) | 6.36 (5.99–6.75) | 8.12 (7.38–8.92) | 7.46 (6.69–8.32) |
| SDQ referral (Teacher: ⩾ 16) | 147,849 | 8.38 (7.80–9.00) | 7.43 (6.85–8.07) | 12.12 (10.64–13.80) | 11.26 (9.61–13.21) |
| PEDS-sig referral (⩾ 2) | 285,261 | 5.64 (5.38–5.92) | 3.99 (3.76–4.23) | 9.07 (8.35–9.85) | 13.78 (12.53–15.15) |
| SDQ Total (Parent) | 283,431 | 1.16 (1.16–1.17) | 1.16 (1.15–1.16) | 1.17 (1.17–1.18) | 1.17 (1.17–1.18) |
| SDQ Total (Teacher) | 147,849 | 1.16 (1.16–1.16) | 1.15 (1.15–1.16) | 1.18 (1.17–1.19) | 1.18 (1.17–1.19) |
| SDQ Pro-social (Parent) | 283,437 | 0.77 (0.76–0.77) | 0.80 (0.79–0.81) | 0.69 (0.68–0.70) | 0.73 (0.72–0.75) |
| SDQ Pro-social (Teacher) | 147,858 | 0.74 (0.74–0.75) | 0.77 (0.76–0.77) | 0.67 (0.66–0.69) | 0.70 (0.68–0.72) |
| SDQ Conduct (Parent) | 283,437 | 1.41 (1.40–1.43) | 1.44 (1.43–1.46) | 1.38 (1.35–1.40) | 1.36 (1.34–1.39) |
| SDQ Conduct (Teacher) | 147,855 | 1.40 (1.38–1.41) | 1.41 (1.39–1.43) | 1.39 (1.36–1.42) | 1.35 (1.31–1.38) |
| SDQ Emotional (Parent) | 283,431 | 1.20 (1.19–1.21) | 1.15 (1.13–1.16) | 1.32 (1.30–1.35) | 1.32 (1.28–1.35) |
| SDQ Emotional (Teacher) | 147,849 | 1.17 (1.15–1.19) | 1.10 (1.08–1.13) | 1.34 (1.31–1.38) | 1.30 (1.25–1.34) |
| SDQ Hyperactivity (Parent) | 283,437 | 1.44 (1.43–1.46) | 1.46 (1.45–1.48) | 1.37 (1.35–1.39) | 1.48 (1.46–1.51) |
| SDQ Hyperactivity (Teacher) | 147,858 | 1.41 (1.40–1.43) | 1.41 (1.40–1.42) | 1.40 (1.38–1.43) | 1.52 (1.49–1.55) |
| SDQ Peer Problems (Parent) | 283,437 | 1.42 (1.41–1.44) | 1.32 (1.30–1.33) | 1.69 (1.66–1.71) | 1.55 (1.52–1.59) |
| SDQ Peer Problems (Teacher) | 147,858 | 1.41 (1.40–1.43) | 1.41 (1.40–1.42) | 1.40 (1.38–1.43) | 1.52 (1.49–1.55) |
| PEDS-sig | 285,258 | 1.91 (1.88–1.93) | 1.66 (1.63–1.69) | 2.11 (2.06–2.16) | 2.18 (2.13–2.22) |
| PEDS-ns | 285,258 | 1.54 (1.53–1.55) | 1.49 (1.47–1.51) | 1.63 (1.60–1.65) | 1.66 (1.63–1.69) |
| Vision (not referred) | 287,694 | 0.42 (0.40–0.44) | 0.51 (0.49–0.54) | 0.40 (0.36–0.43) | 0.15 (0.14–0.17) |
| Hearing (not referred) | 265,602 | 0.63 (0.59–0.67) | 0.75 (0.70–0.81) | 0.51 (0.46–0.57) | 0.28 (0.25–0.32) |
| Oral (not referred) | 285,051 | 0.85 (0.80–0.91) | 0.87 (0.81–0.94) | 0.90 (0.79–1.02) | 0.75 (0.66–0.85) |
| WHO BMI–overweight risk | 285,216 | 1.19 (1.14–1.24) | 1.15 (1.10–1.21) | 1.31 (1.20–1.42) | 1.34 (1.21–1.47) |
| WHO BMI–underweight risk | 285,219 | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.93 (0.76–1.14) | 1.36 (1.11–1.67) |
| Sex (male) | 287,754 | 3.49 (3.32–3.66) | 3.84 (3.62–4.07) | 4.05 (3.67–4.48) | 2.33 (2.11–2.58) |
NDD: neurodevelopmental disabilities; HR: hazard ratios; CI: confidence interval; ADHD: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; ASD: autism spectrum disorder; ID: intellectual disability; SDQ: Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire; WHO: World Health Organization; BMI: body mass index.