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. 2023 Jun 26;9(3):218–226. doi: 10.33546/bnj.2612

Table 2.

Keyword clusters of uncertainty attributes

Keywords cluster Sources Attributes
  • Emotional experience

  • A feeling of loss of control

  • The subjective phenomenological experience of emotional

  • Subjective perception of ignorance

  • Subjective experience

  • Psychological experience

(Bammer & Smithson, 2012; Bar-Anan et al., 2009; Han et al., 2011; Kasper et al., 2008; Wakeham, 2015; Wright et al., 2009) Emotional disturbance
  • Unpredictable condition

  • Unpredictable situation

  • Unpredictable world or chaotic condition

  • The very fast development of the world

  • Cannot predict outcome accurately

  • Unknown effects/results of an action

  • No clarity of results

  • No clarity of effect

  • Unsure about the outcomes of a procedure or disease process

(Bar-Anan et al., 2009; Brashers et al., 2006; Knight, 2013; Milliken, 1987; Mishel, 1988; Penrod, 2001; Toma et al., 2012) Unpredictability
  • Lack of information

  • Unavailability or inadequate information

  • Insufficient cues

  • Insufficient information about severity and prognosis

(Brashers et al., 2006; Dolbeault et al., 2011; Funtowicz & Ravetz, 1990; Kasper et al., 2008; Mishel, 1988; Sheer & Cline, 1995; Wakeham, 2015; Wright et al., 2009) Insufficient information
  • Problems with decision making

  • Not completely decided

  • The decision-maker cannot assign a definite value to an object or event

  • Doubting about something

  • Lack of information for decision making

  • The bias of appraisal for decision making

  • Lack of meaning

  • Lack of understanding

(Bammer & Smithson, 2012; Brashers, 2001; Mishel, 1988; Tas Bora & Buldukoglu, 2020) Problems with decision making