Table 1.
Differential metabolites in DSS group compared with control.
| Metabolites | DSS versus Control | Sb + DSS versus DSS | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VIP a | Log2 Fc b | p value c | VIP a | Log2 Fc d | p value c | |
| Acrolein | 1.95 | −2.63 | 0.00 | |||
| L-(−)-Threonine | 1.50 | −1.65 | 0.00 | 1.55 | 1.66 | 0.01 |
| 3-Hydroxybenzaldehyde | 1.22 | −1.48 | 0.00 | 2.12 | 2.33 | 0.00 |
| Pyroglutamic acid | 1.73 | −2.01 | 0.00 | |||
| Oxoglutaric acid | 2.15 | −3.51 | 0.00 | |||
| L-Glutamic acid | 1.86 | −2.28 | 0.00 | 1.05 | 1.34 | 0.05 |
| L-2-Amino-4-methylenepentanedioic acid | 1.72 | 1.53 | 0.00 | |||
| D-2-Hydroxyglutaric acid | 1.70 | −2.03 | 0.00 | |||
| 3-Oxoadipic acid | 1.24 | −1.22 | 0.00 | 1.41 | 1.31 | 0.00 |
| 2-Aminoadipic acid | 1.34 | 1.03 | 0.00 | |||
| Hydroxypyruvic acid | 1.29 | −1.38 | 0.00 | 1.16 | 1.01 | 0.03 |
| Vitamin C | 1.22 | −1.16 | 0.00 | |||
| L-Tyrosine | 1.49 | −1.50 | 0.01 | 1.60 | 1.46 | 0.02 |
| Citric acid | 1.36 | −1.53 | 0.00 | 1.91 | 1.97 | 0.00 |
| Sebacic acid | 1.63 | −1.83 | 0.00 | 1.49 | 1.58 | 0.00 |
| 1-Methyl-6-phenyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b] pyridin-2-amine | 1.54 | −1.62 | 0.00 | 1.37 | 1.36 | 0.01 |
| Adenosine | 1.17 | −1.06 | 0.01 | 1.46 | 1.22 | 0.01 |
| 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid | 1.16 | −1.02 | 0.00 | |||
| Proline | 1.20 | −1.58 | 0.01 | |||
| Isonicotinic acid | 1.45 | −1.63 | 0.00 | 1.57 | 1.77 | 0.01 |
| L-5-Oxoproline | 1.31 | −1.13 | 0.00 | |||
| Glutamic acid | 1.59 | −1.56 | 0.00 | |||
| Adenine | 1.63 | 1.45 | 0.00 | |||
| Methionine | 1.21 | −1.21 | 0.00 | 1.61 | 1.50 | 0.00 |
| Guanine | 1.37 | −1.62 | 0.00 | 1.58 | 1.72 | 0.00 |
| DL-Dopa | 1.22 | −1.11 | 0.01 | |||
| 5-Methyldeoxycytidine | 1.56 | −1.69 | 0.00 | 1.52 | 1.51 | 0.00 |
| Thymidine | 1.18 | −1.06 | 0.01 | 1.97 | 1.98 | 0.02 |
| 2’-Deoxyadenosine | 1.23 | −1.25 | 0.04 | |||
| 2’-O-Methyladenosine | 1.13 | −1.16 | 0.00 | |||
| 9,10-Dihydroxy-12Z-octadecenoic acid | 1.07 | −1.09 | 0.00 | |||
| Acylcarnitine 13:1 | 1.89 | −2.28 | 0.00 | 1.51 | 1.64 | 0.00 |
| (−)-Riboflavin | 1.28 | −1.46 | 0.00 | 1.53 | 1.82 | 0.03 |
| MGDG 35:2; MGDG (16:1/19:1) | 2.41 | −3.97 | 0.00 | 2.27 | 3.46 | 0.00 |
| Succinic acid | 2.39 | 4.07 | 0.00 | 2.75 | −4.19 | 0.00 |
| D-Malic acid | 1.12 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 1.53 | −1.37 | 0.00 |
| 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 1.89 | 2.34 | 0.00 | 1.34 | −1.35 | 0.02 |
| L-Histidine | 1.37 | 1.43 | 0.00 | 1.54 | −1.47 | 0.00 |
| 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid | 1.29 | 1.70 | 0.02 | 1.40 | −1.62 | 0.02 |
| Gly-Leu | 1.53 | −1.36 | 0.01 | |||
| (−)-Quinic acid | 1.49 | −1.28 | 0.01 | |||
| 2-Isopropylmalic acid | 1.71 | 2.38 | 0.01 | |||
| D-Gluconic acid | 1.21 | 1.35 | 0.00 | 1.04 | −1.03 | 0.02 |
| Tryptophan | 1.48 | 1.58 | 0.00 | 1.50 | −1.45 | 0.00 |
| Naringenin chalcone | 2.52 | 5.06 | 0.00 | 2.90 | −5.35 | 0.00 |
| Fenoprofen | 1.04 | 1.10 | 0.04 | |||
| (2′E,4’Z,8E)-Colneleic acid | 1.40 | 1.50 | 0.00 | |||
| Melanin | 2.37 | 3.68 | 0.00 | |||
| Succinic anhydride | 2.78 | 5.32 | 0.00 | 2.77 | −4.50 | 0.00 |
| Choline | 1.78 | 1.98 | 0.00 | |||
| 1-Pyrroline-2-carboxylic acid | 1.29 | 1.67 | 0.04 | |||
| Glutamic acid | 1.35 | 1.54 | 0.00 | 1.51 | −1.58 | 0.00 |
| Histidine | 1.55 | 1.76 | 0.00 | 1.14 | −1.11 | 0.02 |
| Arginine | 2.32 | 5.47 | 0.01 | 2.34 | −3.30 | 0.02 |
| Benzophenone | 1.21 | −1.10 | 0.01 | |||
| Dibutyl phthalate | 1.39 | −1.15 | 0.00 | |||
| Jasmonic acid | 1.12 | 1.06 | 0.00 | |||
| Cytarabine | 1.21 | 1.07 | 0.00 | |||
| Esprocarb | 1.33 | 1.50 | 0.00 | |||
| Dodemorph | 1.14 | 1.20 | 0.04 | |||
| Palmitoyl ethanolamide | 1.32 | 1.30 | 0.00 | |||
| D-erythro-Sphinganine | 1.56 | 1.89 | 0.00 | 1.87 | −1.99 | 0.00 |
| Acylcarnitine 15:3 | 1.41 | 1.28 | 0.00 | |||
| Quercetin | 1.06 | −1.18 | 0.03 | |||
a,c Only metabolites with VIP values > 1.0 and p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
b Fc, Fold-change, calculated as the average mass response (area) ratio between the two classes (Log2 Fc = log2 [DSS/Control]). Thus, positive Fc values indicate significantly higher levels in DSS relative to control mice, and negative fold change values indicate significantly lower levels in DSS relative to control mice.
c Fc, Fold-change, calculated as the average mass response (area) ratio between the two classes (Log2 Fc = log2 [Sb + DSS/DSS]). Thus, positive Fc values indicate significantly higher levels in Sb + DSS relative to DSS mice, and negative fold change values indicate significantly lower levels in Sb + DSS relative to DSS mice.