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. 2023 Jul 10;14:1206255. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1206255

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Copyright © 2023 Vo, Lal, Nattanong, Tabassum, Qureshi, Troiano, Parrella, Kil and Lee

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Relative expression of upstream and downstream genes for Ring-finger protein 44-like, as determined by RT-qPCR. (A) Position of chosen genes in upstream (blue rectangle) and downstream (orange rectangle) region. Their relative expression was checked in plants inoculated with different isolates including mock, ToLCNDV-In, and ToLCNDV-ES; however only one upstream gene and one downstream gene showed significant difference (B). The statistical comparison was performed with the unpaired t-test: *p<0.05, **p <0.01.