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. 2023 Jul 10;14:1218687. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1218687

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Copyright © 2023 Giordano, Udayan, Guascito, De Bartolomeo, Carlino, Conte, Contini and Lionetto.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A, B) Cell volume change in A549 cells exposed to the aqueous extracts of the 8 PM10 samples expressed as percentage cell size compared to not exposed cells (control). Representative brightfield image of not exposed cells; representative images of PM₁₀ exposed cells (sample of 14-1-2020). brightfield and annexin V stained. (B) Correlation analysis between cell viability inhibition and % of cell shrinkage.