Table 1.
Non-TBI characteristics evaluated univariately for an association with anxiety or mood disorder among 562 individuals with TBI prior to 10 years of age
| Characteristic |
Overall distribution† |
Outcome=Anxiety | Outcome =Mood disorder | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. with the outcome | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) |
No. with the outcome | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) |
||||
| Demographic | |||||||
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 238 (42.3) | 33 | 2.74 (1.46, 5.12) | 73 | 2.61 (1.75, 3.90) | ||
| Male | 324 (57.7) | 14 | Referent | 36 | Referent | ||
| Child race | |||||||
| White | 546 (97.2) | 46 | 1.64 (0.23, 11.89) | 106 | 1.28 (0.41, 4.04) | ||
| Non-white | 16 (2.8) | 1 | Referent | 3 | Referent | ||
| Socioeconomic at birth | |||||||
| Maternal age (years) | 26.2 (4.7) | 47 | 1.28 (0.94, 1.73) ‡ | 109 | 1.01 (0.83, 1.24) ‡ | ||
| Paternal age (years) | 28.6 (5.3) | 47 | 1.27 (0.98, 1.64) ‡ | 109 | 1.07 (0.89, 1.28) ‡ | ||
| Maternal education | |||||||
| Less than high school | 45 (8.0%) | 7 | 4.66 (1.63, 13.32) | 9 | 1.36 (0.64, 2.87) | ||
| High school graduate | 169 (30.1%) | 7 | Referent | 29 | Referent | ||
| Some college | 180 (32.0%) | 18 | 2.58 (1.08, 6.18) | 38 | 1.32 (0.81, 2.14) | ||
| College graduate | 121 (21.5%) | 10 | 2.14 (0.81, 5.62) | 18 | 0.89 (0.50, 1.61) | ||
| Not documented | 47 (8.4%) | 5 | -- | 15 | -- | ||
| Paternal education | |||||||
| Less than high school | 30 (5.3%) | 1 | 0.47 (0.06, 3.69) | 7 | 1.05 (0.46, 2.39) | ||
| High school graduate | 150 (26.7%) | 9 | Referent | 29 | Referent | ||
| Some college | 123 (21.9%) | 12 | 1.84 (0.77, 4.37) | 24 | 1.09 (0.63, 1.87) | ||
| College graduate | 184 (32.7%) | 17 | 1.74 (0.78, 3.91) | 27 | 0.80 (0.48, 1.36) | ||
| Not documented | 75 (13.3%) | 8 | -- | 22 | -- | ||
| HOUSES Index | |||||||
| 1 (lowest SES) | 90 (16.0%) | 11 | 2.31 (0.80, 6.66) | 22 | 1.54 (0.81, 2.94) | ||
| 2 | 72 (12.8%) | 10 | 2.84 (0.97, 8.32) | 12 | 1.05 (0.50, 2.22) | ||
| 3 | 103 (18.3%) | 7 | 1.45 (0.46, 4.57) | 22 | 1.49 (0.78, 2.84) | ||
| 4 (highest SES) | 101 (18.0%) | 5 | Referent | 16 | Referent | ||
| Unable to determine | 196 (34.9%) | 14 | -- | 37 | -- | ||
| Family history | |||||||
| Maternal depression prior to initial TBI | |||||||
| Yes | 50 (8.9%) | 7 | 2.36 (1.05, 5.26) | 10 | 1.31 (0.68, 2.52) | ||
| No | 512 (91.1%) | 40 | Referent | 99 | Referent | ||
| Birth | |||||||
| Gestational age | |||||||
| Preterm (≤36 weeks) ^ | 28 (5.0%) | 4 | 2.52 (0.83, 7.66) | 8 | 1.39 (0.66, 2.94) | ||
| Early term (37–38 weeks) | 79 (14.1%) | 7 | 2.21 (0.89, 5.49) | 15 | 1.29 (0.72, 2.30) | ||
| Full term (39–40 weeks) | 271 (48.2%) | 14 | Referent | 49 | Referent | ||
| Late term (41 weeks) | 90 (16.0%) | 16 | 3.94 (1.92, 8.07) | 20 | 1.34 (0.80, 2.26) | ||
| Postterm (42–45 weeks) | 79 (14.1%) | 5 | 1.14 (0.41, 3.18) | 16 | 1.06 (0.60, 1.87) | ||
| Not documented | 15 (2.7%) | 1 | -- | 1 | -- | ||
| Birth weight (grams) | 3487 (530) | 47 | 1.15 (0.88,1.51)‡ | 109 | 1.08 (0.90, 1.29)‡ | ||
| Size for gestational age | |||||||
| Small | 16 (2.8%) | 3 | 3.13 (0.96, 10.18) | 4 | 1.78 (0.65, 4.85) | ||
| Average | 414 (73.7%) | 37 | Referent | 83 | Referent | ||
| Large | 117 (20.8%) | 6 | 0.58 (0.25, 1.39) | 21 | 0.96 (0.60, 1.56) | ||
| Unable to determine | 15 (2.7%) | 1 | -- | 1 | -- | ||
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; SD, standard deviation. The HR (95% CI) are bolded if the 95% CI does not contain 1, indicating statistical significance at the 0.05 level.
Results presented as frequency and percentage (of 562 patients) for categorical variables and mean (SD) for continuous variables.
Hazard ratio per a 1-year increase in the child’s age, per a 5-year increase in the age of the parent, and per 500-gram decrease in birth weight, respectively.
Of the 28 individuals who were born preterm, 2 were very preterm (28–31 weeks) and 26 were moderate or later preterm (32–36 weeks).