Table 2.
GLM point estimates of the herd univariate and multivariable models for BTB positivity at standard interpretations (n = 170, with missing values from four herds).
| Risk factor | Class | % positive | Univariate |
Multivariable final model |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR(95% CI) | P value | |||
| Herd size | ≤10 animal/herd | 16.2 (12/74) | – | – | – | – |
| > 10 & ≤ 20 animal/ herd | 15.8 (9/57) | 0.8 (0.3, 2) | 0.645 | 1.3 (0.5,3.7) | 0.627 | |
| > 20 animal/herd | 41 (16/39) | 2.8 (1.2, 6.6) | 0.016 | 10.5 (3.5, 36) | < 0.001 | |
| Farm age | ≥20 years | 20.5 (9/44) | – | – | – | – |
| 10–20 years | 27.5 (14/51)8 | 1.5 (0.6,4) | 0.425 | – | – | |
| < 10 years | 18.7 (14/75) | 0.9 (0.4,2) | 0.804 | – | – | |
| Housing condition | Poor | 19.8 (17/86) | – | – | – | |
| Good | 23.8 (20/84) | 1.1 (0.5,2.2) | 0.779 | – | – | |
| Educational level | Schooling ≥ 15yrs | 29.4 (10/34) | – | – | – | – |
| Schooling 11–15yrs | 16 (11/71) | 0.49 (0.2,1.3) | 0.150 | – | – | |
| Schooling for ≤10 | 25 (16/65) | 0.9 (0.4,2.3) | 0.853 | – | – | |
| Hygiene | Modest | 17 (15/88) | – | – | – | – |
| Meager | 26.8 (22/82) | 2.1 (1,4.3) | 0.048 | 3.3 (1.3,9) | 0.014 | |
| Animal health care | Case based | 18.7 (17/91) | – | – | – | – |
| Regular | 25.3 (20/79) | 1.2 (0.6,2.5) | 0.541 | – | – | |
| Feeding condition | Excellent | 11.8 (8/68) | – | – | – | – |
| Moderate | 30 (8/27) | 3.3 (1,10) | 0.034 | 5.5 (1.6, 21) | 0.010 | |
| Deprived | 28 (21/75) | 3 (1.3,8) | 0.014 | 3.3 (1.3,10) | 0.021 | |
| New cattle introduction | No | 14.3 (12/84) | – | – | – | – |
| Yes | 29 (25/86) | 2.3 (1.1, 5) | 0.023 | 2.3 (1, 6) | 0.054 | |
| Biosecurity | Modest | 12.5 (10/80) | – | – | – | – |
| Poor | 30 (27/90) | 2.4 (1.1, 5.3) | 0.03 | 3.3 (1.3, 9) | 0.015 | |
| Study site* | Hawassa | 11 (6/54) | – | – | – | – |
| Gondar | 17 (10/59) | 1.6 (0.6, 5) | 0.370 | – | – | |
| Mekelle | 38 (23/61) | 4.8 (2, 14) | 0.001 | – | – | |
| Stress conditions¥ | Stressed | 13.6 (14/103) | – | – | – | – |
| Less stressed | 34 (26/76) | 3.3 (1.6, 7) | 0.002 | – | – | |
*
Study site was not significant in the global model thus not presented in the table.
¥
Stress condition was not considered for multivariable models due to collinearity issues.