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. 2023 Jul 24;11:151. doi: 10.1186/s40168-023-01599-7

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7

Impact of the introduction of E. coli on B. afzelii infection. The load of spirochetes of B. afzelii were measured in a I. ricinus nymphs fed artificially with E. coli + B. afzelii and in b nymphs injected with E. coli + B. afzelii in the anal pore. The results were compared to nymphs that received only B. afzelii spirochetes. Means and standard deviation values are displayed. n = 8–9 nymphs/condition for capillary feeding, n = 19–20 nymphs/condition for microinjection. Mann–Whitney test, *p < 0.05