Table 1.
Demographics and infection characteristics of the participants included in this study
| Level | Overall | Healtha | FluA | FluB | HRV | RSV | FluA/FluB | FluA/FluB/HRV | FluA/FluB/RSV | FluA/HRV | FluA/RSV | FluB/HRV | FluB/RSV | FluB/HRV/RSV | HRV/RSV | FluA/FluB/HRV/RSV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 447 | 98 | 22 | 138 | 61 | 34 | 16 | 4 | 12 | 3 | 13 | 22 | 16 | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| BMI (*Significant P.adj) | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||
| Median [IQR], kg/m2 | 21.22 [19.04, 23.88] | 20.50 [18.72, 22.58] | 22.34 [19.38, 23.80] | 21.48 [19.22, 24.49] | 20.31 [19.13, 23.48] | 22.60 [18.73, 26.12] | 20.76 [19.76, 21.34] | 22.50 [21.96, 29.50] | 26.37 [19.16, 29.42] | 19.13 [18.93, 23.34] | 20.74 [18.79, 24.34] | 21.10 [18.94, 22.70] | 21.16 [19.33, 24.08] | 20.72 [20.36, 31.38] | 23.44 [20.91, 32.35] | 22.19 [21.32, 23.07] |
| Sex (*Significant P.adj) | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | ns | * | * | ns | ns | ns | ||
| Female, n (%) | 264 (59.1) | 88 (89.8) | 11 (50.0) | 72 (52.2) | 30 (49.2) | 19 (55.9) | 5 (31.2) | 1 (25.0) | 6 (50.0) | 1 (33.3) | 9 (69.2) | 10 (45.5) | 7 (43.8) | 2 (66.7) | 2 (66.7) | 1 (50.0) |
| Male, n (%) | 178 (39.8) | 8 ( 8.2) | 11 (50.0) | 66 (47.8) | 30 (49.2) | 14 (41.2) | 11 (68.8) | 2 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | 2 (66.7) | 4 (30.8) | 12 (54.5) | 9 (56.2) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (50.0) |
| Ageb (*Significant P.adj) | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||
| Median [IQR], years | 29.00 [23.50, 35.00] | 31.50 [24.75, 38.00] | 29.00 [27.00, 37.50] | 29.00 [24.00, 35.00] | 26.00 [22.00, 32.00] | 30.00 [25.00, 36.00] | 29.00 [26.50, 31.00] | 30.50 [28.25, 32.75] | 29.00 [27.00, 32.25] | 43.00 [37.50, 56.50] | 34.00 [28.00, 55.00] | 26.50 [22.50, 30.00] | 21.00 [19.00, 25.75] | 23.00 [20.50, 26.00] | 47.00 [36.50, 54.50] | 23.50 [20.25, 26.75] |
| Vaccine (*Significant P.adj) | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | ||
| No, n (%) | 347 (77.6) | 74 (75.5) | 15 (68.2) | 106 (76.8) | 50 (82.0) | 29 (85.3) | 12 (75.0) | 4 (100.0) | 10 (83.3) | 2 (66.7) | 9 (69.2) | 20 (90.9) | 11 (68.8) | 1 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 2 (100.0) |
| Yes, n (%) | 80 (17.9) | 24 (24.5) | 6 (27.3) | 24 (17.4) | 7 (11.5) | 5 (14.7) | 3 (18.8) | 0 ( 0.0) | 1 ( 8.3) | 1 (33.3) | 1 ( 7.7) | 1 ( 4.5) | 5 (31.2) | 2 (66.7) | 0 ( 0.0) | 0 ( 0.0) |
| Chronic respiratory diseases (*Significant P.adj) | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | * | ns | ns | ns | ns | ns | ||
| No, n (%) | 345 (77.2) | 86 (87.8) | 18 (81.8) | 101 (73.2) | 44 (72.1) | 27 (79.4) | 12 (75.0) | 3 (75.0) | 9 (75.0) | 1 (33.3) | 10 (76.9) | 16 (72.7) | 12 (75.0) | 2 (66.7) | 2 (66.7) | 2 (100.0) |
| Yes, n (%) | 93 (20.8) | 12 (12.2) | 4 (18.2) | 33 (23.9) | 16 (26.2) | 7 (20.6) | 3 (18.8) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (25.0) | 2 (66.7) | 1 ( 7.7) | 5 (22.7) | 4 (25.0) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 0 ( 0.0) |
Continuous Variables are presented as median (interquartile range) unless otherwise indicated
Chronic respiratory diseases: lung cancer, chronic obstructive pneumonia disease, bronchitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
IQR Interquartile range, BMI Body mass index, FluA Influenza A virus, FluB Influenza B virus, RSV Respiratory syncytial virus, HRV Human rhinovirus
*Significant P.adjust (Bonferroni P.adjust < 0.05) were calculated by using the Mann-Whitney U test or the Fisher exact test between subjects with one specific virus to the healthy controls; ns, non-significant
aHealthy controls of this study were recruited from paramedics at the same community hospitals in this study
bAge stratification of this cohort included adolescents (13-18 years, n = 53) and adults (19 years and older, n = 372)