Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Jul 24.
Published in final edited form as: J Neuroimmune Pharmacol. 2022 Jan 4;17(3-4):515–525. doi: 10.1007/s11481-021-10045-0

Table 2.

Average standardized performance on the cognitive tests by cluster group

Cluster 1 n=97 Cluster 2 n=46 Cluster 3 n=73 Cluster 4 n=56 Cluster 5 n=116
BVMT Total Learning: M (SD)   .30 (1.14)  .62 (1.09)  .26 (1.34)  .38 (.92)   −.11 (1.11)
BVMT Delay Recall: M (SD)   .45 (1.11)  .83 (1.15)  .42 (1.56)  .63 (1.17)  .08 (1.24)
HVLT-R Total Learning: M (SD) −.91 (1.20)  .29 (.63) −1.08 (1.00) −1.32 (.54) −1.50 (.82)
HVLT-R Delay Recall: M (SD) −.84 (1.04)  .03 (.95) −1.06 (1.07) −1.04 (.89) −1.31 (.79)
Trails A: M (SD)   .54 (1.04)  .28 (1.09)   −.16 (1.10)  .27 (.82)   −.62 (1.02)
Trails B: M (SD)   .62 (.91)  .78 (.97)   −.04 (1.14)  .51 (.39)   −.90 (.64)
Grooved Pegboard Dominant: M (SD) −.21 (.89)   −.83 (.76)   −.51 (1.28)   −.14 (.79)   −.78 (1.01)
Grooved Pegboard Nondominant: M (SD) −.07 (1.05)   −.99 (.67)   −.56 (1.32)   −.11 (.84)   −.82 (.91)
Color Word Interference Test: M (SD)   .15 (.89)   −.18 (1.00)   −.22 (1.03)   −.74 (1.01) −1.23 (1.19)
Digit Symbol: M (SD)   .66 (.81)  .23 (1.06)   −.32 (.98)   −.53 (.67)   −.77 (.85)
Symbol Search: M (SD)   .57 (.86)  .15 (.82)  .08 (.88)   −.11 (.71)   −.52 (.73)
Letter Number Sequencing: M (SD)   .05 (.87)  .03 (.94)   −.32 (1.04)   −.49 (.93) −1.06 (.96)
Action Fluency: M (SD)   .05 (.91)   −1.19 (.75)   −.53 (.81) −1.43 (.68) −1.51 (.70)
Category Fluency (Animals): M (SD)   .40 (1.13)  .36 (.85)   −.05 (1.15)  .03 (.92)   −.21 (1.06)
Letter Fluency: M (SD)   .31 (1.01)  .08 (.76)  .06 (.82)   −.15 (.85)   −.68 (.88)

All values are reported as z scores. Descriptive statistics are reported in favor of full statistical test results in order to focus on clinically meaningful (i.e., Z-score < −1) results identified by the GBM rather than statistically significant (i.e., p < .05) results that may not be as readily interpretable

M Mean, SD Standard Deviation