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Grading of two classification systems according to the complexity of initial procedures
a Clavien–Dindo. b Clavien–Madadi. Definition of procedure complexity based on modifications proposed by Klotz et al.26: A, patients who did not undergo surgery; B, procedures that did not enter the abdominal or thoracic cavity; C, laparoscopic and thoracoscopic procedures; D, open procedures that entered the abdominal and/or thoracic cavities.
