Table 2.
Intrathoracic manifestations before propensity score matching
| Parameter | Drainage only | Drainage and defect closure |
|---|---|---|
| Patients, n | 368 | 180 |
| Age (years), median (i.q.r.) | 65 (58–71) | 65 (59–71) |
| Co-morbidity* | ||
| ASA I | 35 (9.5) | 16 (8.9) |
| ASA II | 213 (57.9) | 97 (53.9) |
| ASA ≥III | 116 (31.5) | 62 (34.4) |
| Performance status* | ||
| ECOG 0 | 172 (46.7) | 74 (41.1) |
| ECOG 1 | 96 (26.1) | 57 (31.7) |
| ECOG ≥2 | 30 (8.2) | 5 (2.8) |
| Resection type* | ||
| TTO-CA | 79 (21.5) | 21 (11.7) |
| TTO-IA | 257 (69.8) | 156 (86.7) |
| THO-CA | 29 (7.9) | 3 (1.7) |
| POD of diagnosis, median (i.q.r.) | 8 (6–11) | 8 (5–11) |
| Level of care* | ||
| Surgical ward | 206 (56.0) | 83 (46.1) |
| ICU/HC/MC/PACU | 140 (38.0) | 90 (50.0) |
| ED/other | 12 (3.3) | 6 (3.3) |
| Leucocyte count (×109/L), median (i.q.r.) | 13.6 (10.3–17.6) | 14.2 (11.0–18.6) |
| qSOFA score, median (i.q.r.) | 0 (0–1) | 1 (0–1) |
| Respiratory failure | 69 (18.8) | 51 (28.3) |
| Haemodynamic failure | 40 (11.7) | 29 (17.8) |
| Renal failure | 40 (10.9) | 29 (16.1) |
| Defect circumference ≥25% | 38 (10.3) | 49 (27.2) |
| Primary treatment | ||
| Primary strategy | ||
| Drainage | 368 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Drainage and defect closure | 0 (0.0) | 180 (100.0) |
| Radiological drainage | 109 (29.6) | 21 (11.7) |
| Chest tube drainage | 85 (23.1) | 38 (21.1) |
| Endoscopic drainage | 132 (35.9) | 53 (29.4) |
| Stent placement | 0 (0.0) | 104 (57.8) |
| EVAC | 0 (0.0) | 27 (15.0) |
| Reoperation | 99 (26.9) | 80 (44.4) |
| ICU/HC/MC readmission | 153 (41.6) | 110 (61.1) |
| Secondary treatment | ||
| Need for secondary treatment | 263 (71.5) | 138 (76.7) |
| Secondary strategy | ||
| Supportive only | 63 (17.1) | 20 (11.1) |
| Drainage | 110 (29.9) | 33 (18.3) |
| Defect closure | 20 (5.4) | 24 (13.3) |
| Drainage and defect closure | 56 (15.2) | 42 (23.3) |
| Oesophageal diversion | 3 (0.8) | 12 (6.7) |
| Missing | 11 (3.0) | 8 (4.4) |
| Stent placement | 59 (16.0) | 54 (30.0) |
| EVAC | 10 (2.7) | 21 (11.7) |
| Reoperation | 55 (14.9) | 38 (21.1) |
| ICU/HC/MC readmission | 74 (20.1) | 46 (25.6) |
| Outcomes | ||
| 90-day mortality | 42 (11.4) | 34 (18.9) |
| LOS, hospital (days), median (i.q.r.) | 37 (26–56) | 41 (28–65) |
| LOS, ICU (days), median (i.q.r.) | 8 (3, 18) | 11 (5–25) |
| Healing time (days), median (i.q.r.) | 31 (18–50) | 34 (18–58) |
| CCI, median (i.q.r.) | 50 (36–66) | 50 (35–69) |
Values are n (%) unless otherwise indicated. *Percentages may not add up to 100% due to missing data. i.q.r., interquartile range; ECOG, Eastern Collaborative Oncology Group; TTO, transthoracic oesophagectomy; CA, cervical anastomosis; IA, intrathoracic anastomosis; THO, transhiatal oesophagectomy; POD, postoperative day; HC, high care; MC, medium care; PACU, post-anaesthesia care unit; ED, emergency department; qSOFA, quick sequential organ failure assessment; EVAC, endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure; LOS, length of stay; CCI, comprehensive complication index.