Table 1.
Demographic characteristics and clinical features of the groups.
| CSEA (n = 70) | GA (n = 114) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (median, IQR) | 69(66–72.25) | 68(66–71) | 0.185 |
| Side n/% | 0.551 | ||
| Right | 32(45.7) | 47(41.2) | |
| Left | 38(54.3) | 67(58.8) | |
| Preoperative hemoglobin. g/dl (median, IQR) | 13.85(12.7–15) | 14.2(13.47–15.1) | 0.086 |
| Preoperative creatinin. mg/dl (median, IQR) | 1.18(0.9–1.4) | 1(0.9–1.32) | 0.264 |
| Preoperative GFR. ml/min/1.72 (median, IQR) | 61.98(49.9–83.66) | 73.14(53.76–83.73) | 0.270 |
| Hemoglobin drop. (median, IQR) | 1.5(0.97–2.05) | 1.1(0.47–2) | 0.058 |
| Postoperative GFR change. (mean ± SD) | 4.32 ± 5.99 | 2.59 ± 5.82 | 0.055 |
| Stone burden. mm2 (median, IQR) | 400(250–600) | 435.5(245–854.25) | 0.882 |
| Stone location n/% | 0.761 | ||
| Single calyx | 34(48.6) | 58(50.9) | |
| Multiple calyces | 36(51.4) | 56(49.1) | |
| Previous operation n/% | 0.666 | ||
| No | 54(77.1) | 91(79.8) | |
| Yes | 16(22.9) | 23(20.2) | |
| Hydronephrosis n/% | 0.773 | ||
| No | 16(22.9) | 24(21.1) | |
| Yes | 54(77.1) | 90(78.9) | |
| Staghorn Stone n/% | 0.122 | ||
| No | 57(81.4) | 102(89.5) | |
| Yes | 13(18.6) | 12(10.5) | |
| Solitary kidney n/% | 0.685 | ||
| No | 66(94.3) | 109(95.6) | |
| Yes | 4(5.7) | 5(4.4) | |
| Horseshoe Kidney n/% | 0.618 | ||
| No | 68(97.1) | 112(98.2) | |
| Yes | 2(2.9) | 2(1.8) | |
| GSS (median. IQR) | 2(1–2) | 2(1–2) | 0.804 |
| ASA clasification n/% | |||
| ASA I | 20(28) | 34(30) | 0.756 |
| ASA II | 42(60) | 67(59) | |
| ASA III | 8(12) | 13(11) | |
| Access number n/% | 0.078 | ||
| Single | 45(64.3) | 87(76.3) | |
| Multiple | 25(35.7) | 27(23.7) | |
| Upper calyx access | 22(31.4) | 28(24.6) | 0.309 |
| Operation time, (min.) (median, IQR) | 57.5(40–70) | 46.15(35–65) | 0.057 |
| Fluoroscopy Time, (min) (median, IQR) | 2.9 (2.1–5.3) | 3.1 (2–4.9) | 0.573 |
| Mean duration in the operation room (min.)(median, IQR) | 102.8(76–166) | 118.2(87–154) | 0.001 |
| Mean duration in post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) (min.) (median, IQR) | 17.4(12.6–27.6) | 19.6(14.5–27.8) | 0.001 |
| Duration with nephrostomy, days (median. IQR) | 2(2–3) | 2(2–3) | 0.715 |
| Hospitilization day (median, IQR) | 3(2.75–4) | 3(2–4) | 0.835 |
| Postoperative parenteral analgesic requirements | None | 1.9 times (0–4) | 0.001 |
IQR: interquartile range, ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists, GFR: Glomerular filtration rate, GSS: GUY’s Stone Score, SD: standard deviation, n/%: number/percentage, CSEA: Combined spino-epidural anesthesia, GA: General Anesthesia. Bold values are statistically significant p values < 0.05.