Table 3.

List of MEDEVAC reasons for surgery in Antarctica and their destination from 1904 to 2018.

Surgical speciality	Pathologies	Reference number	Departure station	Arrival point
Orthopedic	Pelvic fracture	[18] [26]	Syowa JARE station	Japan NR
	Femur fracture	[18] [19]	Syowa Maitri	Japan India
	Polytrauma: one case of femur and cervical fracture, one case of pelvic fracture and ureter injury	[22]	Syowa	Japan
	Tibiofibular fracture	[13]	Casey OR Mawson OR Wilkes	NR
	Fracture of the medial malleolus	[13]	Casey OR Mawson OR Wilkes	NR
	Exostosis of humerus	[13]	Casey OR Mawson OR Wilkes	NR
	Facial and spinal trauma	[14]	Halley Bay	NR
	Unspecified trauma	[32] [38]	McMurdo ANARE station	NR NR
	Fall into a crevasse	[31]	JARE station	NR
Digestive	Gastrointestinal haemorrhage	[36]	Davis	Christchurch (New Zealand)
	Abdominal pain explored by laparotomy and drainage	[36]	Casey	Australia
	Appendicitis	[13] [26] [32]	Casey OR Mawson OR Wilkes McMurdo McMurdo	NR New Zealand NR
	Ulcerative colitis	[27]	Argentine Island	Argentina
Urological	Kidney stone	[13] [32]	Casey OR Mawson OR Wilkes Amundsen Scott	NR NR
	Cystoostomy on prostatic hypertrophy	[26]	Syowa	NR
ENT	Inhaled foreign body	[39]	Rothera	Montevideo (Uruguay)
Neurosurgery	Intracranial haemorrhage due to aneurysm	[13,24,40]	Mawson	Christchurch (New Zealand)
	Subarachnoid haemorrhage due to cerebral aneurysm	[27]	Halley Bay	London (United Kingdom)
Dental	Dental care	[11]	Novolazarevskaya	Maitri (Indian station)
Not detailed	No diagnosis	[13]	Casey OR Mawson OR Wilkes	NR

Note : JARE: Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition, ANARE: Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition, NR: Not Reporter, ENT: Ear, Nose, Throat.