Table 1.
Population characteristics by category of venous resection
| Without venous resection | Wedge resection | Segmental resection | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 960 (73.2) | 227 (17.3) | 124 (9.5) | – | |
| Sex | M | 554 (57.7) | 115 (50.7) | 65 (52.4) | 0.11 |
| F | 406 (42.3) | 112 (49.3) | 59 (47.6) | ||
| Age (years), median (i.q.r.) | 68 (61–74) | 68 (61–73) | 69 (62–74) | 0.73 | |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (s.d.) | 25.1 (4.2) | 24.5 (3.9) | 23.8 (3.4) | 0.002 | |
| ECOG | 0–1 | 862 (89.8) | 196 (86.3) | 112 (90.3) | 0.31 |
| 2–4 | 98 (10.2) | 31 (13.7) | 12 (9.7) | ||
| Preoperative biliary drainage | 542 (56.5) | 135 (59.5) | 68 (54.8) | 0.64 | |
| Venous involvement on preoperative imaging | 252 (26.3 | 134 (59.0) | 93 (75.0) | < 0.001 | |
| Preoperative resectability status* | Resectable | 780 (83.3) | 126 (56.8) | 46 (38.3) | < 0.001 |
| Borderline resectable | 113 (12.1) | 76 (34.2) | 62 (51.7) | ||
| Locally advanced | 43 (4.6) | 20 (9.0) | 12 (10.0) | ||
| Neoadjuvant therapy | 57 (5.9) | 21 (9.3) | 23 (18.5) | < 0.001 | |
| Type of neoadjuvant therapy | Chemoradiotherapy | 33 (57.9†) | 12 (57.1†) | 13 (56.5†) | 0.99 |
| Chemotherapy | 24 (42.1†) | 9 (42.9†) | 10 (43.5†) | ||
| ASA score | I–II | 742 (77.3) | 176 (77.5) | 97 (78.2) | 0.97 |
| III–IV | 218 (22.7) | 51 (22.5) | 27 (21.8) | ||
| Minimally invasive procedure | 109 (11.4) | 10 (4.4) | 4 (3.2) | < 0.001 | |
| Type of surgery | Classic Whipple | 347 (36.1) | 75 (33.0) | 53 (42.7) | 0.45 |
| PPPD | 591 (61.6) | 145 (63.9) | 68 (54.8) | ||
| PRPD | 22 (2.3) | 7 (3.1) | 3 (2.4) | ||
| Texture of pancreatic remnant | Normal/soft | 451 (47.0) | 79 (34.8) | 38 (30.6) | < 0.001 |
| Fibrotic/hard | 509 (53.0) | 148 (65.1) | 86 (69.4) | ||
| Pancreatic duct diameter (mm), median (i.q.r.) | 5 (3–8) | 6 (4–9) | 6 (4–9) | < 0.001 | |
| Arterial resection | 9 (0.9) | 5 (2.2) | 3 (2.4) | 0.16 | |
| Additional resection | 51 (5.3) | 9 (4.0) | 13 (10.5) | 0.031 | |
| Duration of surgery (min), median (i.q.r.) | 295 (239–377) | 344 (278–423) | 388 (321–458) | < 0.001 | |
| Blood loss during surgery (ml), median (i.q.r.) | 600 (350–1000) | 700 (450–1100) | 1200 (600–2000) | < 0.001 | |
*According to the Dutch Pancreatic Cancer Group criteria.
†
Percentage is based on the number of patients who received neoadjuvant therapy. Values are frequencies (per cent) unless indicated otherwise. Missing data imputed: BMI (n = 8); ECOG (n = 6); texture of pancreatic remnant (n = 103); pancreatic duct diameter (n = 256); duration of surgery (n = 136); blood loss (n = 148). Missing data not imputed: preoperative resectability status (n = 33). i.q.r., interquartile range; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; PPPD, pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy; PRPD, pyloric ring pancreatoduodenectomy.