Table 1.
Baseline characteristics by surgical strategy for pancreatic fistula
| Characteristics | Completion pancreatectomy (n = 36) | Pancreas-preserving procedure (n = 126) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline at time of index surgery | |||
| Sex (female) | 8 (22) | 36 (28.6) | 0.450 |
| Age* | 70 (66, 73) | 64 (58, 71) | 0.025 |
| BMI*† | 26.8 (24.2, 28.9) | 26.1 (23.4, 28.7) | 0.447 |
| ASA (III–IV) | 13 (36) | 26 (20.6) | 0.055 |
| Type of resection | 0.302 | ||
| Whipple | 11 (31) | 28 (22.2) | |
| PPPD | 25 (66) | 96 (77.8) | |
| Vascular resection | 4 (11) | 7 (5.6) | 0.243 |
| Additional organ resection | 4 (11) | 16 (12.7) | 0.789 |
| Pancreatic anastomosis | 0.111 | ||
| Duct-to-mucosa PJ | 28 (78) | 113 (89.7) | |
| Duct-to-mucosa PG | 0 | 1 (0.8) | |
| Dunking PJ | 8 (22) | 12 (9.5) | |
| Pathology | 0.786 | ||
| Pancreatic cancer/pancreatitis | 12 (33) | 39 (31.0) | |
| Other | 24 (67) | 87 (69.0) | |
| Baseline at time of initial relaparotomy | |||
| Previous reintervention | 17 (47) | 57 (45.2) | 0.833 |
| Radiological intervention | 15 (42) | 52 (41.3) | 0.966 |
| Relaparotomy | 5 (14) | 7 (5.6) | 0.092 |
| Previous reintervention for PPH | 6 (17) | 12 (9.5) | 0.229 |
| Radiological intervention for PPH | 5 (14) | 10 (12.6) | 0.277 |
| Relaparotomy for PPH | 1 (3) | 2 (1.6) | 0.640 |
| Organ failure 24 h before† | |||
| No | 19 (53) | 68 (54.8) | 0.035 |
| Single | 6 (17) | 39 (31.5) | |
| Multiple | 11 (31) | 17 (13.7) | |
| Highest APACHE II score 24 h before*† | 14 (10, 18) | 12 (8, 15) | 0.055 |
| Postoperative day of initial relaparotomy for POPF* | 10 (4, 14) | 9 (6, 14) | 0.521 |
Continuous variables all compared using the Mann, Whitney U test. Categorical variables all compared using χ2. Except: vascular resection, additional organ resection, previous reintervention for postpancreatectomy haemorrhage (PPH), relaparotomy for PPH, which were compared with Fisher’s exact tests. Values in parentheses are percentages unless indicated otherwise
*values are median (i.q.r.).
†Missing data: BMI (n = 6), organ failure 24 h before (n = 2), highest Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score 24 h before (n = 14). PPPD, pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy; PJ, pancreatojejunostomy; PG, pancreatogastrostomy; POPF, postoperative pancreatic fistula.