Table 1.

Percentage (%) (and 95% CI) of households with at least one member covered by health insurance across demographic and socioeconomic categories in India, 2020–21.

	Any health insurance	Rashtriya Swashtya Bima Yojana (Central Government sponsored)	State Sponsored health scheme	Employer provided	Privately purchased	Other
								n = 259,543
India	41.2 [41.0–41.3]	15.5 [15.4–15.7]	47.1 [46.9–47.3]	13.2 [13.0–13.3]	3.3 [3.2–3.3]	25.6 [25.4–25.7]
Wealth quintile
Lowest	35.0 [34.7–35.3]	22.2 [21.8–22.5]	31.9 [31.4–32.3]	5.6 [5.4–5.9]	0.2 [0.1–0.2]	43.1 [42.6–43.5]
Second	41.2 [41.0–41.5]	17.0 [16.7–17.3]	46.4 [45.9–46.8]	7.0 [6.8–7.2]	0.4 [0.3–0.4]	33.1 [32.7–33.5]
Third	44.4 [44.2–44.7]	14.5 [14.2–14.8]	56.5 [56.1–56.9]	9.1 [8.8–9.3]	0.9 [0.8–1]	23.6 [23.3–24.0]
Fourth	43.6 [43.3–43.8]	15.4 [15.1–15.7]	56.2 [55.8–56.6]	12.7 [12.4–12.9]	1.8 [1.7–1.9]	19.1 [18.7–19.4]
Highest	40.9 [40.6–41.2]	11.3 [11.0–11.6]	40.5 [40.0–40.9]	26.5 [26.1–26.8]	10.8 [10.5–11.1]	16.8 [16.5–17.1]
Years of education (household head)
Illiterate	41.2 [41.0–41.5]	14.4 [14.2–14.7]	53.4 [53–53.7]	7.5 [7.3–7.7]	0.8 [0.7–0.8]	27.7 [27.4–28.0]
1 to 4 years	44.8 [44.4–45.2]	21.5 [21.0–22.0]	47.0 [46.4–47.6]	10.0 [9.7–10.4]	1.1 [1.0–1.2]	25.7 [25.2–26.2]
5 to 9 years	41.7 [41.5–42.0]	17.7 [17.4–17.9]	47.9 [47.6–48.3]	10.8 [10.6–11.0]	1.7 [1.6–1.8]	26.8 [26.5–27.1]
10 to 12 years	38.8 [38.5–39.1]	14.3 [14.0–14.6]	43 [42.5–43.4]	17.9 [17.6–18.3]	5.1 [4.9–5.3]	24.2 [23.9–24.6]
12 years or more	40.5 [40.1–40.9]	8.6 [8.3–9.0]	34.8 [34.2–35.4]	30.3 [29.7–30.9]	13.7 [13.3–14.2]	18.3 [17.8–18.8]
Social category of household head
Scheduled caste	42.7 [42.4–43.0]	14.9 [14.6–15.2]	48.9 [48.5–49.3]	11.4 [11.1–11.7]	1.3 [1.2–1.4]	28.2 [27.8–28.5]
Scheduled tribe	46.8 [46.5–47.0]	23.8 [23.5–24.2]	40.7 [40.3–41.1]	10.0 [9.8–10.3]	0.6 [0.6–0.7]	28.8 [28.4–29.2]
Other backward castes	43.0 [42.8–43.2]	14.0 [13.7–14.2]	52.0 [51.7–52.3]	12.5 [12.3–12.7]	2.5 [2.4–2.6]	24.1 [23.8–24.4]
General	34.3 [34.0–34.5]	14.9 [14.6–15.3]	37.2 [36.8–37.7]	18.8 [18.5–19.2]	9.1 [8.8–9.4]	23.9 [23.5–24.2]
Do not know	28.1 [26.7–29.4]	21.1 [18.8–23.4]	37.5 [34.7–40.2]	13.3 [11.4–15.2]	3.4 [2.4–4.5]	27.5 [25.0–30.1]
Place of residence
Urban	38.4 [38.1–38.6]	12.5 [12.3–12.8]	43.2 [42.8–43.6]	22.3 [21.9–22.6]	7.7 [7.5–7.9]	19.5 [19.1–19.8]
Rural	42.5 [42.4–42.7]	16.8 [16.7–17.0]	48.8 [48.6–49.1]	9.1 [9.0–9.2]	1.3 [1.3–1.4]	28.3 [28.1–28.5]
Age of household head
Less than 30	27.8 [27.3–28.2]	14.0 [13.4–14.6]	44.4 [43.5–45.2]	11.3 [10.8–11.9]	2.6 [2.3–2.8]	31.2 [30.4–32.0]
30 to 44	39.7 [39.4–39.9]	14.3 [14.1–14.6]	47.1 [46.7–47.4]	12.5 [12.3–12.8]	3 [2.9–3.1]	27.4 [27.0–27.7]
45 to 59	44.7 [44.5–44.9]	16.0 [15.8–16.2]	47.1 [46.8–47.4]	13.5 [13.2–13.7]	3.4 [3.3–3.5]	25 [24.8–25.3]
60 to 74	42.1 [41.8–42.3]	16.3 [16.0–16.6]	47.7 [47.3–48.1]	13.5 [13.2–13.8]	3.3 [3.2–3.4]	23.9 [23.5–24.2]
75 and above	39.1 [38.5–39.7]	16.7 [16.0–17.3]	46.5 [45.6–47.4]	14.8 [14.2–15.5]	4.5 [4.1–4.9]	21.2 [20.5–22.0]
Religion
Hindu	42.5 [42.4–42.7]	14.9 [14.7–15.0]	47.9 [47.6–48.1]	13.3 [13.1–13.4]	3.2 [3.1–3.3]	25.6 [25.4–25.8]
Muslim	29.5 [29.1–29.9]	20.5 [19.9–21.1]	41 [40.2–41.7]	9.4 [8.9–9.8]	1.7 [1.5–1.9]	30.1 [29.4–30.8]
Others	43.1 [42.7–43.4]	18.4 [18.0–18.9]	44.1 [43.6–44.7]	16.1 [15.6–16.5]	6.6 [6.4–6.9]	18.7 [18.3–19.2]
Household size
Four or less	42.4 [42.2–42.5]	15.2 [15.0–15.4]	49.9 [49.7–50.2]	14.2 [14.1–14.4]	3.6 [3.5–3.7]	21.9 [21.7–22.1]
More than four	39.6 [39.4–39.8]	16.0 [15.8–16.2]	43.1 [42.9–43.4]	11.6 [11.5–11.8]	2.8 [2.7–2.9]	30.7 [30.5–31.0]
Gender of household head
Male	41.4 [41.3–41.5]	15.4 [15.2–15.5]	46.7 [46.5–46.9]	13.4 [13.3–13.6]	3.5 [3.4–3.6]	25.7 [25.5–25.8]
Female	40.0 [39.7–40.3]	16.2 [15.8–16.5]	49.1 [48.6–49.5]	11.7 [11.4–12.0]	2.2 [2.1–2.3]	25.0 [24.6–25.4]
Marital status of household head
Currently unmarried	40.6 [40.3–40.9]	16.5 [16.2–16.9]	49.9 [49.5–50.4]	12.0 [11.7–12.3]	2.7 [2.5–2.8]	23.0 [22.5–23.4]
Currently married	41.3 [41.1–41.4]	15.3 [15.2–15.5]	46.6 [46.4–46.8]	13.4 [13.2–13.5]	3.4 [3.3–3.5]	26.0 [25.9–26.2]