Table 3:
Drug resistance-associated genotypes and frequencies for genotyped human blood samples and mosquito blood meals
| Humans | Mosquitos | Two one-sided t-tests p value | Null hypothesis significance testing p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| n (%) | Allele frequency* | n (%) | Allele frequency* | |||
|
| ||||||
| pfmdr1 Asn86Tyr | ||||||
| Survey 1 genotyped samples | 210 | 171 | <0·0001 | 0·60 | ||
| Wild type (Asn86) | 192 (91%) | 96% | 156 (92%) | 97% | ·· | ·· |
| Mixed (Asn86 or Tyr86) | 12 (6%) | ·· | 10 (5%) | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| Mutant (Tyr86) | 6 (3%) | 4% | 5 (3%) | 3% | ·· | ·· |
| Survey 2 genotyped samples | 119 | 52 | <0·0001 | 0·12 | ||
| Wild type (Asn86) | 114 (96%) | 98% | 52 (100%) | 100% | ·· | ·· |
| Mixed (Asn86 or Tyr86) | 2 (2%) | ·· | 0 | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| Mutant (Tyr86) | 3 (2%) | 2% | 0 | 0% | ·· | ·· |
| Survey 3 genotyped samples | 149 | 91 | 0·062 | 0·30 | ||
| Wild type (Asn86) | 116 (68%) | 88% | 78 (86%) | 92% | ·· | ·· |
| Mixed (Asn86 or Tyr86) | 25 (17%) | ·· | 10 (11%) | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| Mutant (Tyr86) | 8 (5%) | 12% | 3 (3%) | 8% | ·· | ·· |
| pfcrt Lys76Thr | ||||||
| Survey 1 genotyped samples | 200 | 167 | 0·99 | <0·0001 | ||
| Wild type (Lys76) | 146 (73%) | 84% | 67 (40%) | 60% | ·· | ·· |
| Mixed (Lys76 or Thr76) | 38 (19%) | ·· | 58 (35%) | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| Mutant (Thr76) | 16 (8%) | 16% | 42 (25%) | 40% | ·· | ·· |
| Survey 2 genotyped samples | 140 | 48 | 0·82 | 0·028 | ||
| Wild type (Lys76) | 30 (21%) | 45% | 4 (8%) | 28% | ·· | ·· |
| Mixed (Lys76 or Thr76) | 66 (48%) | ·· | 20 (42%) | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| Mutant (Thr76) | 44 (31%) | 55% | 24 (50%) | 72% | ·· | ·· |
| Survey 3 genotyped samples | 142 | 96 | 0·032 | 0·64 | ||
| Wild type (Lys76) | 118 (83%) | 89% | 74 (77%) | 87% | ·· | ·· |
| Mixed (Lys76 or Thr76) | 16 (11%) | ·· | 17 (18%) | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| Mutant (Thr76) | 8 (6%) | 11% | 5 (5%) | 13% | ·· | ·· |
*
Allele frequencies, which account for mixed infections, were estimated by maximising the likelihood of the observed proportion of a molecular marker in any given survey given the average multiplicity of infection for the respective marker, survey, and host population.