Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

Study, Year	Intervention	Number of participants		Age (in years)		Measured outcomes
		Control	Monoclonal antibody	Control	Monoclonal antibody
Li 2017	Rituximab Vs (A) Iodine-131, (B) Iodine-131 and Methylprednisolone	A=72, B=70	75	(A) 49.1±9.3, (B) 50.3±10.0	48.1±10.0	Hyperthyroidism treatment outcomes, orbital volumetric analysis through CT imaging, proptosis, eyelid width, soft tissue swelling, conjunctival hyperemia, intraocular pressure, visual acuity, CAS, serum Th1 and Th2 cytokine levels, and adverse events.
Salvi 2015	Rituximab Vs Methylprednisolone	16	15	50.4±11.4	51.9±13.1	CAS, proptosis, lid fissure, diplopia and eye muscle motility, and quality of life score, number of therapeutic responses, disease reactivation, and surgical procedures required during follow-up.
Stan 2015	Rituximab Vs Placebo	10	11	61.8±11.0	57.6±12.7	CAS, success and failure rates, proportions showing clinically significant improvement in proptosis, lid fissure width, diplopia score, lagophthalmos and disease severity, orbital fat/muscle volume and quality-of-life.
Douglas 2020	Teprotumumab Vs Placebo	42	41	48.9±13.0	51.6±12.6	Proptosis response, CAS, diplopia response, and Graves’ophthalmopathy-specific quality-of-life (GO-QOL).
Smith 2017	Teprotumumab Vs Placebo	44	43	54.2±13.0	51.6±10.6	CAS, proptosis, GO-QOL questionnaire, and adverse events.
Perez- Moreiras 2018	Tocilizumab Vs Placebo	17	15	45.07 (IQR=38.9-50.5)	47.5 (IQR=41.1-57.4)	CAS, patient global assessment (PtGA) of pain, quality of life evaluated by the generic SF-36 and GO-QoL, adverse events, death, and clinically significant changes in vital signs and laboratory tests.

QOL: Quality of life, PtGA: Patient global assessment, CAS: Clinical activity score, GO-QoL: Graves’ ophthalmopathy-specific QOL, IQR: Interquartile range, CT: Computed tomography