Table 1. Sociodemographic, gestational, perinatal, and infant characteristics according to sleep duration.
| Sleep duration* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All n (%) | Non-short sleepers n (%) | Short sleepers n (%) | p-value† | |
| Total | 123 (100.0) | 78 (63.4) | 45 (36.6) | |
| Socioeconomic and demographic | ||||
| Family income, ≤1 MW‡ | 53 (43.1) | 32 (41.0) | 21 (46.7) | 0.11 |
| Income transfer program, yes | 48 (39.0) | 29 (37.2) | 19 (42.2) | 0.58 |
| Mother’s skin color, white | 18 (14.6) | 10 (12.8) | 8 (17.8) | 0.48 |
| Maternal schooling, ≤8 years | 44 (35.8) | 23 (29.5) | 21 (46.5) | 0.05 |
| Lives with partner, yes | 105 (85.4) | 66 (84.6) | 39 (86.7) | 0.75 |
| Maternal age, ≤19 years | 39 (31.7) | 24 (30.8) | 15 (33.3) | 0.76 |
| Gestational and perinatal | ||||
| Primiparous, yes | 49 (40.8) | 33 (42.9) | 16 (37.7) | 0.54 |
| Prenatal, ≥6 consultations | 68 (55.3) | 41 (52.6) | 27 (60.0) | 0.42 |
| Infants | ||||
| Gender, female | 64 (52.0) | 38 (48.7) | 26 (57.8) | 0.33 |
| Birth weight, ≥2,500 g | 118 (95.9) | 73 (93.6) | 123 (100.0) | 0.08 |
| Breastfed at 3 months, yes | 97 (88.2) | 63 (88.7) | 34 (87.2) | 0.80 |
| Breastfed at 6 months, yes | 82 (69.5) | 52 (69.3) | 30 (69.8) | 0.96 |
| Breastfed at 12 months, yes | 71 (58.7) | 43 (55.1) | 28 (65.1) | 0.28 |
| Anemia at birth, yes | 13 (11.40) | 6 (8.5) | 7 (16.3) | 0.20 |
| Anemia at 6 months, yes | 99 (84.6) | 61 (80.3) | 38 (92.7) | 0.07 |
| Anemia at birth and/or 6 months, yes | 105 (85.4) | 63 (80.8) | 42 (93.3) | 0.05 |
MW: minimum wage. *Sleep duration groups were defined as follows: not short-sleep group ≥10 h at 3, 6, and 12 months of age and short-sleep group <10 h at 3, 6, and/or 12 months of age; †p-values are derived from the chi-square test, and significant values ≤0.05 are shown in bold; ‡Refers to the minimum wage in the year of study (2017): BRL 950.00.