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. 2023 Jun 28;25:e48166. doi: 10.2196/48166

Table 2.

Risk of bias for the randomized controlled trials.

Reference Q1a Q2b Q3c Q4d Q5e Q6f Q7g Q8h Q9i Q10j Q11k Q12l Q13m Quality grade
Nahm et al (2019) [36] Un U Yo U U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y B
De Main et al (2022) [37] U U Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y B

aQ1: true randomization.

bQ2: allocation concealment.

cQ3: similar at baseline.

dQ4: blinding of subjects.

eQ5: blinding of the researcher.

fQ6: blinding of outcome assessors.

gQ7: identical treatment other than the intervention.

hQ8: follow-up description.

iQ9: intention-to-analysis.

jQ10: the same outcome measurement.

kQ11: reliability of outcome measurements.

lQ12: appropriate statistical analysis.

mQ13: appropriate trial design.

nY: yes.

oU: unclear.