Table 3.
Description of the participants in the dementia & motility digestive, heart & circulatory, and mental & neurodegenerative patterns.
| Variable | Dementia & motility digestivea,b | Heart & circulatorya,b | Mental & neurodegenerativea,b | |||||||||
|
|
Multimorbidity & frailty (n=783,590) | Multimorbidity & age (n=743,257) | Multimorbidity & frailty (n=709,909) | Multimorbidity & age (n=815,597) | Multimorbidity & frailty (n=465,417) | |||||||
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 83.0 (78.0-88.0) | 82.0 (77.0-87.0) | 82.0 (76.0-87.0) | 84.0 (80.0-89.0) | 78.0 (72.0-84.0) | |||||||
| Sex, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Women | 588,734 (75.1) | 398,282 (53.6) | 382,768 (53.9) | 541,039 (66.3) | 264,225 (56.8) | ||||||
|
|
Men | 194,856 (24.9) | 344,975 (46.4) | 327,141 (46.1) | 274,558 (33.7) | 201,192 (43.2) | ||||||
| Deprivation index, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
1 (less deprived) | 109,882 (23.3) | 93,677 (20.9) | 87,347 (20.3) | 119,722 (25.5) | 66,020 (21.9) | ||||||
|
|
2 | 95,209 (20.2) | 89,449 (20.0) | 85,288 (19.8) | 97,525 (20.7) | 61,623 (20.4) | ||||||
|
|
3 | 99,621 (21.1) | 91,379 (20.4) | 87,580 (20.3) | 99,451 (21.1) | 63,731 (21.1) | ||||||
|
|
4 | 87,895 (18.6) | 89,469 (20.0) | 87,256 (20.3) | 83,397 (17.7) | 59,089 (19.6) | ||||||
|
|
5 (more deprived) | 78,990 (16.7) | 83,854 (18.7) | 82,908 (19.3) | 70,225 (14.9) | 51,528 (17.1) | ||||||
|
|
Missing | 311,993 | 295,429 | 279,530 | 345,577 | 163,426 | ||||||
| Multimorbidity, median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
SNAC-Kc groups of chronic conditions | 9.00 (7.0-11.0) | 10.0 (8.0-12.0) | 10.0 (8.0-2.0) | 8.0 (6.0-10.0) | 8.0 (6.0-11.0) | ||||||
| Type of multimorbidity, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
No multimorbidity | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 445 (0.1) | 2025 (0.4) | ||||||
|
|
2-5 diseases | 71,676 (9.2) | 45,354 (6.1) | 32,702 (4.6) | 145,376 (17.8) | 80,560 (17.3) | ||||||
|
|
6-10 diseases | 507,806 (64.8) | 395,802 (53.3) | 368,236 (51.9) | 500,503 (61.4) | 254,128 (54.6) | ||||||
|
|
>10 diseases | 204,108 (26.0) | 302,101 (40.6) | 308,971 (43.5) | 169,273 (20.8) | 128,704 (27.7) | ||||||
| Frailty, median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Deficits | 9.0 (7.0-11.0) | 9.0 (7.0-11.0) | 9.0 (7.0-12.0) | 8.0 (6.0-10.0) | 7.0 (5.0-10.0) | ||||||
|
|
Disease-related deficits | 5.0 (3.0-6.0) | 3.0 (2.0-5.0) | 4.0 (2.0-5.0) | 5.0 (3.0-6.0) | 3.0 (2.0-5.0) | ||||||
|
|
SSLDd deficits | 4.0 (3.0-5.0) | 5.0 (4.0-7.0) | 5.0 (4.0-7.0) | 3.0 (2.0-5.0) | 4.0 (2.0-5.0) | ||||||
| Type of frailty, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Fit | 40,827 (5.21) | 49,158 (6.6) | 31,624 (4.5) | 90,181 (11.1) | 96,397 (20.7) | ||||||
|
|
Mild | 349,212 (44.6) | 295,094 (39.7) | 268,474 (37.8) | 364,281 (44.7) | 207,835 (44.7) | ||||||
|
|
Moderate | 312,751 (39.9) | 269,356 (36.2) | 276,323 (38.9) | 279,797 (34.3) | 122,853 (26.4) | ||||||
|
|
Severe | 80,800 (10.3) | 129,649 (17.4) | 133,488 (18.8) | 81,338 (10.0) | 38,332 (8.2) | ||||||
| Smoking status, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
Nonsmoker | 541,491 (71.8) | 454,844 (62.4) | 430,558 (61.7) | 544,408 (70.5) | 299,351 (66.8) | ||||||
|
|
Exsmoker | 182,092 (24.1) | 246,506 (33.8) | 240,234 (34.4) | 196,319 (25.4) | 120,789 (27.0) | ||||||
|
|
Smoker | 30,528 (4.1) | 27,744 (3.8) | 27,585 (4.0) | 31,545 (4.1) | 28,002 (6.2) | ||||||
|
|
Missing | 29,480 | 14,163 | 11,532 | 43,325 | 17,275 | ||||||
| Alcohol intake, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
Nondrinker | 315,999 (83.8) | 342,552 (75.7) | 333,548 (75.6) | 297,365 (83.6) | 178,703 (76.0) | ||||||
|
|
Low-risk drinker | 59,668 (15.8) | 107,637 (23.8) | 104,929 (23.8) | 56,921 (16.0) | 54,962 (23.4) | ||||||
|
|
High-risk drinker | 1,596 (0.4) | 2,475 (0.6) | 2,600 (0.6) | 1,218 (0.3) | 1,434 (0.6) | ||||||
|
|
Missing | 406,327 | 290,593 | 268,832 | 460,093 | 230,318 | ||||||
| Health care service use, median (IQR) |
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Visits to primary care | 14.0 (8.0-23.0) | 20.0 (10.0-33.0) | 21.0 (11.0-34.0) | 12.0 (6.0-21.0) | 13.0 (7.0-21.0) | ||||||
|
|
Distinct drugse | 10.0 (7.0-14.0) | 11.0 (8.0-15.0) | 12.0 (8.0-16.0) | 9.0 (6.0-13.0) | 10.0 (6.0-14.0) | ||||||
|
|
Clinical measures | 7.00 (2.0-14.0) | 11.0 (5.0-19.0) | 12.0 (5.0-20.0) | 6.0 (1.0-12.0) | 7.0 (2.0-14.0) | ||||||
|
|
Laboratory results | 17.0 (10.0-30.0) | 18.0 (10.0-32.0) | 18.0 (11.0-33.0) | 17.0 (0.0-24.0) | 17.0 (3.0-25.0) | ||||||
aEach column reports the information of all individuals and years included in each pattern. The description of the rest of the patterns can be found in Multimedia Appendix 5.
bFor categorical variables, missing values, if any, are excluded from the calculation of the percentage.
cSNAC-K: Swedish National Study of Aging and Care in Kungsholmen.
dSSLD: signs, symptoms, laboratory results, and disabilities.
eThe number of distinct drugs was calculated using the first 5 digits of the Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC) code.