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. 2023 Jul 6;25(7):euad191. doi: 10.1093/europace/euad191

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© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial reproduction and distribution of the work, in any medium, provided the original work is not altered or transformed in any way, and that the work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Fluoroscopic acquisitions of electrophysiology catheters (cryoballoon and circular mapping catheter) placed inside a thoracic phantom model. The detector entrance doses of the fluoroscopy system (Artis zee, Siemens AG, Forchheim, Germany) were systematically increased from 6 nGy per pulse to 66 nGy per pulse at a constant X-ray tube voltage of 112 kV. Increasing the dose results in improvement of overall image quality, however relevant details (markers and electrodes) can still be identified at the lowest dose level (6 nGy).