Figure 4. Effect of the pandemic on the gender gap in research productivity (as measured by number of articles submitted or published) for five research fields.

Each point shows the proportion of female authors before (left) or during (right) the pandemic. The solid lines connect the mean value for each research field before and during the pandemic. The largest decreases are observed for the three fields that had the highest proportions of female authors (social sciences, medicine and multidisciplinary). TEMCP reflects the technology, engineering, mathematics, chemistry and physics fields, and multidisciplinary includes studies that span fields.