Table 2.

Characteristics of excluded studies.

Study ID	Reasons for exclusion
Balogun et al. 2012 [24]	The study population was not pregnant women with triplex infection but consisted of adult 102 (32 males and 70 females) Nigerian HIV infected patients attending the antiretroviral therapy clinics
Nnakenyi et al. 2020 [5]	The study population was not pregnant women but consisted of 4663 (3024 women and 1639 men) adult patients (aged ≥18 years) with confirmed HIV seropositivity by double ELISA and western blot, who underwent serology testing for both HBsAg and anti-HCV as part of their baseline tests, at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Nigeria
Forbi et al. 2007 [6]	The study population was not pregnant women with triplex infection but consisted of a cohort of people (83 males and 97 females) living with HIV/AIDS in North-Central Nigeria
Hamza et al. 2013 [25]	The study population was not pregnant women but consisted of four-hundred and forty (178 males and 262 females) consecutive HIV-positive individuals seen at the adult HIV clinic in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano, North-Western Nigeria
Ogwu-Richard et al. 2015 [26]	The study population was not pregnant but consisted of 183 (100 females and 83 males) HIV-positive persons 15 years of age and above
Otegbayo et al. 2008 [27]	The study population was not pregnant but on eligible HIV-positive treatment-naive patients who presented between August 2004 and February 2007 to the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria
Tremeau-Bravard et al. 2012 [28]	The study population was not pregnant women but consisted of 443 (244 women and 199 men) antiretroviral naïve HIV-positive individuals seen at our Gede Foundation clinic in Abuja, Nigeria for HIV/AIDS related infection