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. 2023 Jul 12;8:100197. doi: 10.1016/j.jmh.2023.100197

Table 4.

Mortality rate ratios (MRR) for males per 1000 person-years analysed - all-cause mortality.

Model 1 Model 2 Model 3
Exposure MRR (95% CI) p MRR (95% CI) p MRR (95% CI) p
Main effect of region MENA 0.68 (0.65,0.71) <0.001 0.47 (0.45,0.49) <0.001 0.55 (0.53,0.58) <0.001
F. Yugoslavia 1.06 (1.01,1.10) 0.019 0.78 (0.74,0.82) <0.001 0.94 (0.90,0.98) 0.006
Denmark 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
Other 1.13 (1.12,1.15) <0.001 0.95 (0.94,0.96) <0.001 1.00 (0.98,1.01) 0.845
Interaction
PTSD/EPCACE MENA 1.06 (0.84,1.35) 0.605 0.65 (0.51,0.82) <0.001 0.65 (0.52,0.83) <0.001
F. Yugoslavia 0.92 (0.68,1.24) 0.578 0.58 (0.43,0.78) <0.001 0.64 (0.47,0.86) 0.003
Denmark 2.05 (1.86,2.26) <0.001 1.45 (1.32,1.60) <0.001 0.96 (0.87,1.06) 0.438
Other 1.48 (1.15,1.92) 0.002 0.91 (0.70,1.17) 0.446 0.80 (0.62,1.04) 0.091
Psychotic disorder MENA 3.79 (3.21,4.46) <0.001 2.32 (1.97,2.74) <0.001 1.88 (1.59,2.21) <0.001
F. Yugoslavia 1.88 (1.44,2.45) <0.001 1.35 (1.03,1.76) 0.028 1.09 (0.83,1.42) 0.533
Denmark 3.35 (3.29,3.41) <0.001 2.35 (2.31,2.39) <0.001 1.80 (1.77,1.83) <0.001
Other 3.30 (3.09,3.53) <0.001 2.22 (2.07,2.38) <0.001 1.61 (1.51,1.73) <0.001
PTSD/EPCACE and psychotic disorder MENA 1.18 (0.76,1.81) 0.461 0.64 (0.42,0.98) 0.042 0.51 (0.33,0.79) 0.002
F. Yugoslavia 1.34 (0.76,2.37) 0.311 0.80 (0.45,1.41) 0.445 0.84 (0.48,1.48) 0.546
Denmark 4.60 (3.78,5.61) <0.001 2.62 (2.15,3.19) <0.001 1.53 (1.26,1.86) <0.001
Other 2.77 (1.94,3.96) <0.001 1.63 (1.14,2.33) 0.008 0.99 (0.69,1.42) 0.952
None MENA 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
F. Yugoslavia 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
Denmark 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
Other 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
Covariates
Single adult household No 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
Yes 1.17 (1.16,1.18) <0.001 1.17 (1.16,1.18) <0.001
Labour market participation Employed/education 1.00 (ref) 1.00 (ref)
Retired 3.69 (3.62,3.76) <0.001 2.29 (2.25,2.33) <0.001
Unemployed 4.47 (4.42,4.52) <0.001 2.38 (2.35,2.40) <0.001
CCI None 1.00 (ref)
One 3.87 (3.84,3.90) <0.001
Two or more 11.77 (11.68,11.87) <0.001
SUD No 1.00 (ref)
Yes 2.32 (2.30,2.34) <0.001

PTSD, Post-traumatic stress disorder; EPCACE, Enduring personality change after catastrophic event

MENA, the Middle East and North Africa; F. Yugoslavia, Former Yugoslavia; Other, remaining countries

CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; SUD, Substance Use Disorder